ASP.NET Core MVC 2.2從開發到測試 - Development & Unit Testing
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文档介绍了ASP.NET Core MVC 2.2的开发与测试，包括课程内容、基础知识与功能特点。内容涵盖了跨平台开发、依赖注入、单元测试、路由实战案例以及如何将ASP.NET Core MVC部署到Azure云端等主题。此外，文档还探讨了版本间的差异以及新特性，如在MVC中改善的路由性能和健康检查API。
![.NET Core內建單元測試框架
dotnet new
dotnet new mstest
Templates Short Name Language Tags
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit Test Project mstest [C#], F#, VB Test/MSTest
NUnit 3 Test Project nunit [C#], F#, VB Test/NUnit
xUnit Test Project xunit [C#], F#, VB Test/xUnit](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aspnetcoremvc22developmenttesting-190113134433/85/ASP-NET-Core-MVC-2-2-Development-Unit-Testing-41-320.jpg)
![MSTest
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
namespace CoreRazor.MSTest
{
[TestClass]
public class UnitTest1
{
[TestMethod]
public void TestMethod1()
{
}
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aspnetcoremvc22developmenttesting-190113134433/85/ASP-NET-Core-MVC-2-2-Development-Unit-Testing-43-320.jpg)
![NUnit
using NUnit.Framework;
namespace Tests
{
public class Tests
{
[SetUp]
public void Setup()
{
}
[Test]
public void Test1()
{
Assert.Pass();
}
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aspnetcoremvc22developmenttesting-190113134433/85/ASP-NET-Core-MVC-2-2-Development-Unit-Testing-44-320.jpg)
![xUnit
using Xunit;
namespace CoreRazor.xUnit
{
public class UnitTest1
{
[Fact]
public void Test1()
{
}
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aspnetcoremvc22developmenttesting-190113134433/85/ASP-NET-Core-MVC-2-2-Development-Unit-Testing-45-320.jpg)
![在Controller使⽤用DI注入服務
public class BankServicesController : Controller
{
private readonly IBankService _bankService;
public BankServicesController(IBankService bankService)
{
_bankService = bankService;
}
public IActionResult InjectAction([FromServices] IBankService myBankService)
{
var bankModel = myBankService;
return View(bankModel);
}
}
在建構式注入服務
在Action注入服務
Service看不⾒見見特定實作名稱
套⽤用Attribute](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aspnetcoremvc22developmenttesting-190113134433/85/ASP-NET-Core-MVC-2-2-Development-Unit-Testing-58-320.jpg)
ASP.NET Core MVC 2.2從開發到測試 - Development & Unit Testing
- 1. ASP.NET Core MVC 2.2 從開發到測試 聖殿祭司。奚江華
- 2. 個⼈人背景簡介 著有ASP.NET 2.0、3.5、4.5、4.6等熱⾨門𣈱銷書籍，以 及ASP.NET MVC 5.x範例例完美演繹 歷任台灣微軟MSDN、TechEd、TechDay研討會講師 曾數屆當選微軟MVP 國內各⼤大上市公司及⼤大專院校之培訓講師 曾發表⽂文章刊於ITHOME電腦週刊
- 3. ASP.NET Core MVC 2.2課程 聖殿祭司的課程簡介
- 5. Bootstrap 在MVC中的整合應⽤用 Chart.js / JSON與Core Web API整合 Razor Pages新型態開發專案 Tag Helpers與View Components Entity Framework Core資料庫存取 Unit Test單元測試 Routing路路由實戰案例例 將ASP.NET Core MVC部署到Azure雲端 ASP.NET Core MVC 2.2課程綱要 .NET Core跨平台開發環境與CLI⼯工具 Web Hosting主機設定與管理理 ⽤用Configuration框架管理理組態設定 IoC Container與Dependency Injection ⽤用Middleware中介軟體處理理HTTP Pipeline Dev, Staging及Production 多重環境的應⽤用 ⽤用Logging API記錄系統資訊
- 6. Agenda(1) .NET Core基礎資訊, .NET Core vs. .NET Framework ⽤用CLI tools管理理你的專案 ASP.NET Core 2.x版本差異異 MVC 5遷移之結構變更更 以Card⼈人物牌卡為例例 Routing路路由
- 7. Agenda(2) Unit Testing單元測試 Dependency Injection ASP.NET Core 2.2新鮮事
- 9. 跨平台 Windows平台 .NET Core .NET Framework ASP.NET Core ASP.NET ASP.NET Core MVC ASP.NET MVC .NET Core與.NET名詞對比
- 10. 兩兩種.NET Core開發途徑 Visual Studio 2017 & 2019 CLI + ⽂文字編輯器 ( Visual Studio Code, vim, Atom…) Visual Studio 2017/2019 Visual Studio for Mac Visual Studio Code .NET Core CLI tools
- 13. ASP.NET Core四個靈魂⼈人物 Web Host：負責應⽤用程式啟動/⽣生命週期管理理 Configuration：作為組態管理理系統 Dependency Injection：注入相依性服務 Middleware：組成HTTP Pipeline，處理理請求
- 14. .NET Core特⾊色與賣點 Cross-platform Consistent across architecture Command-line tools Flexible deployment Compatible Open source Supported by Microsoft
- 15. .NET的野⼼心與企圖⼼心 DESKTOP WEB CLOUD MOBILE GAMING IoT AI .NET
- 16. .NET Core vs. .NET Framework 怎麼選？
- 17. .NET Core / .NET Framework
- 18. Choosing .NET Core Cross-platform Targeting microservices Using Docker containers High-performance and scalable Side-by-side .NET versions
- 19. Choosing .NET Framework Your app uses third-party .NET libraries or NuGet packages not available for .NET Core. Your app uses .NET technologies that aren't available for .NET Core. Your app uses a platform that doesn’t support .NET Core.
- 21. 三種ASP.NET Core選擇 ASP.NET Core MVC 2.0 / 2.1 / 2.2 ？ ASP.NET Core 2.0不考慮 jQuery Validation v1.14.0 ASP.NET Core 2.1 Bootstrap 3.3.7 + jQuery ASP.NET Core 2.2 Bootstrap 4.1.3 + jQuery 3.3.1
- 22. ASP.NET Core 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 三者看似相同的⼩小改版，怎麼選？ ASP.NET Core 2.0：Execution Performance Microsoft.AspNetCore.All ( metapackage ) ASP.NET Core 2.1：Build & Execution Performance ASP.NET Core 2.2：Functional ，APIs Performance ASP.NET Core 2.1 & 2.2 Shared Framework — Microsoft.AspNetCore.App, *.All
- 23. Runtime Package Store ASP.NET Core 2.0 /usr/local/share/dotnet/store/x64/netcoreapp2.0 ASP.NET Core 2.1 & 2.2 /usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.app/
- 24. ASP.NET Core MVC 2.1樣板
- 25. ASP.NET Core MVC 2.2樣板
- 26. MVC 5遷移之結構變更更 從MVC 5移轉到ASP.NET Core 2.1
- 28. MVC5遷移後哪些東⻄西消失？ Global.asax檔 ➔ Startup.cs Web.config檔 ➔ appsettings.json (組態值, 資料庫連線) Content, fonts資料夾移⾄至➔ wwwroot資料夾 App_Start資料夾消失了了 BundleConfig.cs檔( Bundle & Minification ) FilterConfig.cs檔 ( Filtering ) RouteConfig.cs檔 ( 路路由 ) ➔ Main()
- 29. MVC 5哪些機制沿⽤用? Controllers ( ViewData, ViewBag, Model ) ActionResult ➔ IActionResult Models, Model Annotation Model Validation Model Binding Razor Views, Partial View( .cshtml ), but Tag Helpers Scaffolding CRUD（Model ➔ Controller & Views）
- 30. MVC 5哪些保留留，但改變了了？ NuGet package & Reference在專案中位置和形式改變 Routing路路由設定位置改變了了 Filter設定位置改變了了 Scaffolding CRUD Tag Helpers為主 ，Html Helpers為輔 EF - Dependency Injection, Options Pattern Action - IActionResult, Async web.config <connectionString> ➔ appsettings.json
- 31. ASP.NET Core新增了了哪些? .NET Core SDK , CLI命令 ASP.NET Core Fundamentals 四⼤大⽀支柱 Hosting, Configuration, Dependency Injection, Middleware Tag Helpers ( 變成Razor View的主⾓角 ) View Components ( View可直接存取資料庫 ) _ViewImport.cshtml替Views加上共⽤用的命名空間參參考 Logging
- 33. MVC 5 App的組成 圖片, css, js Model Controller View,Partial View DbContext 資料庫Connection EF程式
- 34. 移轉項⽬目(1) Content(css, js, image , fonts) ➔ wwwroot Controller ➔ ActionResult : IActionResult Model (沒有變化) Views ➔ Razor View, Partial View ( Tag Helpers) _ViewImports.cshtml ( View參參考的命名空間 ) 變更更所有專案的namespace命名空間名稱
- 35. 移轉項⽬目(2) Bundling & Minification Removed @Styles.Render(…) , @Scripts.Render(…) Dead _Layout.cshmtl @Style.Render(…), @Script.Render(…) Removed @RenderSection() is alive 加入ASP.NET Core Environment
- 36. Partial View部分檢視異異動 舊語法： @Html.Partial("_CardPartial", model) 新語法： <partial name="_CardPartial" model="model" /> @await Html.PartialAsync("_CardPartial", model) @{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_CardPartial", model); }
- 38. Routing路路由
- 39. Routing Types Convention Route Attribue Route
- 40. Unit Testing單元測試
- 41. .NET Core內建單元測試框架 dotnet new dotnet new mstest Templates Short Name Language Tags ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Unit Test Project mstest [C#], F#, VB Test/MSTest NUnit 3 Test Project nunit [C#], F#, VB Test/NUnit xUnit Test Project xunit [C#], F#, VB Test/xUnit
- 42. VS 2017單元測試專案樣板
- 43. MSTest using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; namespace CoreRazor.MSTest { [TestClass] public class UnitTest1 { [TestMethod] public void TestMethod1() { } } }
- 44. NUnit using NUnit.Framework; namespace Tests { public class Tests { [SetUp] public void Setup() { } [Test] public void Test1() { Assert.Pass(); } } }
- 45. xUnit using Xunit; namespace CoreRazor.xUnit { public class UnitTest1 { [Fact] public void Test1() { } } }
- 46. 3A原則 (AAA) Public void TestMethod() { //Arrange … //Act … //Assert … } 初始化、配置、設定 動作(執⾏行行) 斷⾔言(評估執⾏行行結果預期)
- 47. Unit Test — Bad Naming Public void Test_SqrtValue() { //Arrange Var Calc = new Calc(); //Act Var sqrtValue = Calc.GetSqrt(4); //Assert Assert.Equal(2, sqrtValue); } 初始化 動作(執⾏行行) 斷⾔言(評估執⾏行行結果預
- 48. Unit Test — Good Naming Public void GetSqrt_SingleNumber_ReturnrSqrtValue() { //Arrange Var Calc = new Calc(); //Act Var sqrtValue = Calc.GetSqrt(4); //Assert Assert.Equal(2, sqrtValue); } MethodName_TestScenario_ExpectedBehavior
- 49. 三個測試相關⼯工具 Test Explorer Live Testing即時測試 Code Coverage程式碼覆蓋率
- 50. 單元測試的運⽤用
- 52. What’s Dependency ? Dependency中⽂文是依賴 “依賴”是指⼀一個object需要另⼀一個object物件 例例如⼀一個⼈人需要⽔水，因⽽而對⽔水產⽣生依賴關係 在Class類別中使⽤用依賴物件，常⽤用new Instance FubonBankServices service = new FubonBankServices()
- 53. 但～相依特定實作是不好的 FubonBankServices service = new FubonBankServices() EsunBankServices service = new EsunBankServices() 相依特定實作，⼀一旦替換實作，所有類別程式必須修改 在專案中⼀一堆類別程式初始FubonBankServices，若若 FubonBankSevices需要組態，會在專案的各⾓角設定組態 未實作interface介⾯面，導致單元測試難以Mocking或Stubing
- 54. 如何解決直接相依性問題？ 利利⽤用IoC控制反轉技巧，解耦直接相依性 ⽤用interface介⾯面抽象化特定實作，依賴介⾯面，不依賴實作 Services繼承並實作interface介⾯面 在ASP.NET Core中Startup類別中註冊Services服務 在app程式中以Dependency Injection注入Service服務 Classes, Controllers, Views…
- 55. 定義interface介⾯面：IBankService public interface IBankService { string BankId { get; } //銀行代碼 string BankName { get }; //銀行名稱 bool Withdraw(decimal dollars); //提款 bool Deposit(decimal dollars); //存取 decimal AccountBalance(int depositorId); //銀行餘額 }
- 56. Services繼承並實作interface介⾯面 public class FubonBankService : IBankService { public string BankId { get; private set; } public string BankName { get; private set; } public FubonBankService() { BankId = "012"; BankName = "台北富邦銀行"; } … } public class EsunBankService : IBankService { public string BankId { get; private set; } public string BankName { get; private set; } public EsunBankService() { BankId = "808"; BankName = "玉山銀行"; } ... } 富邦銀⾏行行繼承介⾯面 ⽟玉⼭山銀⾏行行繼承介⾯面
- 57. 在IoC container註冊服務 public class Startup { public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddTransient<IBankService, FubonBankService>(); } ... } 介⾯面 實作Lifetime模式
- 58. 在Controller使⽤用DI注入服務 public class BankServicesController : Controller { private readonly IBankService _bankService; public BankServicesController(IBankService bankService) { _bankService = bankService; } public IActionResult InjectAction([FromServices] IBankService myBankService) { var bankModel = myBankService; return View(bankModel); } } 在建構式注入服務 在Action注入服務 Service看不⾒見見特定實作名稱 套⽤用Attribute
- 59. 在View直接以@inject注入服務 @inject IBankService BankService <ul> <li>銀行代碼 : @BankService.BankId</li> <li>銀行名稱 : @BankService.BankName</li> <li>存款餘額 : @BankService.AccountBalance(10872)</li> </ul> 2.注入Service服務實例例 1.Inject指⽰示詞 3.使⽤用Service服務
- 60. 註冊服務的三種Lifetime指令 AddScoped⽅方法—Scoped lifetime service are created once per request AddTransient⽅方法 — Transient lifetime service are created each time they're requested AddSingleton⽅方法 — Singleton lifetime service are only created at the first request time
- 61. DI可應⽤用到哪些類型程式？ App Startup ( Startup.cs ) Controllers / Action Views Custom Classes , Services Custom Middleware Components
- 62. DI相依性注入的運⽤用
- 64. Better integration with popular Open API (Swagger) libraries including design-time checks with code analyzers Introduction of Endpoint Routing with up to 20% improved routing performance in MVC Improved URL generation with the LinkGenerator class & support for route Parameter Transformers (and a post from Scott Hanselman) New Health Checks API for application health monitoring Up to 400% improved throughput on IIS due to in-process hosting support Up to 15% improved MVC model validation performance Problem Details (RFC 7807) support in MVC for detailed API error results Preview of HTTP/2 server support in ASP.NET Core Template updates for Bootstrap 4 and Angular 6 Java client for ASP.NET Core SignalR Up to 60% improved HTTP Client performance on Linux and 20% on Windows http://bit.ly/2sn6oWT
- 65. .NET Core Roadmap .NET Core 2.2 2018 /12⽉月正式版 Visual Studio 2019 • 2018 /12⽉月預覽版 • 2019上半年年 Final正式版 • .NET Core 3.0 • 2018 /12⽉月預覽版 • 2019下半年年 Final正式版 Entity Framework Core 3.0 with .NET Core 3.0
- 66. The End