![Mobile Radio Systems Classification
• Simplex System: Communication is possible in only
one direction : Garage Door Controller, Remote
Controllers [TV/VCR/DISH] Pagers/Beepers
• Semi-Duplex System: Communication is possible in
two directions but one talks and other listens at any
time[Push to Talk System]: Walki-Talki
• Duplex System: Communication is possible in both
directions at any time: Cellular Telephone [FDD or
TDD]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/assesingthefactorsoftechnologyforacademicsinmobile-250126070936-56ab73f6/85/assesing-the-factors-of-Technology-for-Academics-in-Mobile-pptx-29-320.jpg)
![Mobile Radio Systems Classification
• Simplex System: Communication is
possible in only one direction : Garage
Door Controller, Remote Controllers
[TV/VCR/DISH] Pagers/Beepers
• Semi-Duplex System: Communication
is possible in two directions but one
talks and other listens at any time[Push
to Talk System]: Walki-Talki
• Duplex System: Communication is
possible in both directions at any time:
Cellular Telephone [FDD or TDD]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/assesingthefactorsoftechnologyforacademicsinmobile-250126070936-56ab73f6/85/assesing-the-factors-of-Technology-for-Academics-in-Mobile-pptx-30-320.jpg)
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assesing the factors of Technology for Academics in Mobile.pptx
- 1. LECTURE 1 Introduction to mobile communication systems COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Daud K Phiri Email: [email protected] Mobile: +265999243411 The State University Of Zanzibar 1 INF 008: Foundations of Mobile Computing
- 2. 2 Mobile Communication • Aspects of mobility: – user mobility: users communicate (wireless) “anytime, anywhere, with anyone”, i.e. the user can be mobile, and the services will follow him. Example: call-forwarding solutions. – device portability: devices can be connected anytime, anywhere to the network, example: hand over. A mobile is a portable electronic device, typically a smartphone or tablet, used for communication, internet access, and various applications. It's characterized by its compact size, wireless connectivity, touchscreen interface, and ability to perform multiple functions like calling, messaging, web browsing, and running apps, making it an essential tool in modern daily life.
- 3. 3 What is telecommunications (telecom)? • Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the exchange of information over significant distances by electronic means and refers to all types of voice, data and video transmission. This is a broad term that includes a wide range of information-transmitting technologies and communications infrastructures. Examples include wired phones, cellphones, microwave communications, fiber optics, satellites, radio and television broadcasting, the internet and telegraphs.
- 4. 4 Types of telecommunications networks The simplest form of telecommunications takes place between two stations, but it is common for multiple transmitting and receiving stations to exchange data among themselves. Such an arrangement is called a telecom network. The internet is the largest example of a telecommunications network. On a smaller scale, examples include the following: – Corporate and academic wide area networks (WANs). – Telephone networks. – Cellular networks. – Police and fire communications systems. – Taxi dispatch networks. – Groups of amateur (ham) radio operators. – Broadcast networks.
- 5. 5 Types of telecommunications networks 1876. The first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. This early model required an interpreter, or telegrapher, at both ends. These first telephones were intercom systems, where two phones were connected directly. 1877. The invention of the switchboard exchange telephone system enabled any combination of two phone lines to connect and talk with each other. 1891. Dial telephones were invented, which bypassed the need for an operator on each call. This made it much quicker and easier to make calls via telephone. 1947. The transistor was invented, which led to the development of modern electronics, such as computers and calculators. 1948. Microwaves began to be used to transmit phone signals, in places where phone wires did not exist.
- 6. 6 Types of telecommunications networks 1960. Phones began to transition from mechanical switching to electronic switching, which enabled features such as voice messaging, speed dialing and caller ID. 1984. The Bell System, which provided AT&T with a near-monopoly over telecommunications services in the U.S., was broken up, opening space for competition for other providers. 1984. Cellular and personal communications service phone use, which offered mobile communications beyond two-way radio use, was introduced. 1990s. Use of the modern internet became widespread. 2000s and beyond. The first decade of the 2000s saw mobile phones grow increasingly sophisticated. By 2012, smartphone usage was widespread.
- 8. Wireless Communication • This is the transmission of voice and data using electromagnetic waves in open space. • Electromagnetic waves • Travel at speed of light (c = 3x108 m/s) • Has a frequency (f) and wavelength (l) » c = f x l • Higher frequency means higher energy photons • The higher the energy photon the more penetrating is the radiation
- 9. 9 Simple Model of communication systems
- 10. 10 Overlay Networks - the global goal
- 13. 13 1G TECHNOLOGY • 1G refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications which was first • introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s. • It's Speed was up to 2.4kbps. • It allows the voice calls in 1 country. • 1G network use Analog Signal. • AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile systems.
- 14. 14 DRAWBACKS OF 1G • Poor Voice Quality • Poor Battery Life • Large Phone Size • No Security • Limited Capacity • Poor Handoff Reliability
- 15. 15 2G TECHNOLOGY • 2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is based on GSM. • It was launched in Finland in the year 1991. • 2G network use digital signals. • It’s data speed was up to 64kbps. • Features Includes: – It enables services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multi media message). – It provides better quality and capacity .
- 16. 16 DRAWBACKS OF 2G • 2G requires strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no network coverage in any specific area , digital signals would weak. • These systems are unable to handle complex data such as Videos.
- 17. 17 2.5G TECHNOLOGY • 2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generation of mobile telephony. – 2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular • Technology combined with GPRS. • Features Includes: – Phone Calls – Send/Receive E-mail Messages – Web Browsing – Speed : 64-144 kbps – Camera Phones – Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins. Mp3 song
- 18. 18 3G TECHNOLOGY • 3G technology refer to third generation which was introduced in year 2000s. • Data Transmission speed increased from 144kbps- 2Mbps. • Typically called Smart Phones and • features increased its bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate web-based applications and audio and video files.
- 19. 19 FEATURES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY • Providing Faster Communication • Send/Receive Large Email Messages • High Speed Web / More Security • Video Conferencing / 3D Gaming • TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls • Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities • 11 sec – 1.5 min. time to download a 3 min Mp3 song.
- 20. 20 DRAWBACKS OF 3G TECHNOLOGY • Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services • It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G • High Bandwidth Requirement • Expensive 3G Phones. Large Cell Phones
- 21. 21 4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere)
- 22. 22 4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere) • 4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s. • Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed. • One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC. • MAGIC: – Mobile Multimedia – Anytime Anywhere – Global Mobility Support – Integrated Wireless Solution – Customized Personal Services – Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere.
- 23. 23 4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere) • Features Include: – More Security – High Speed – High Capacity – Low Cost Per-bit etc.
- 24. 24 DRAWBACKS OF 4G • Battery uses is more • Hard to implement • Need complicated hardware • Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.
- 25. 25 COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G Vs 4G Technology 3G 4G Data Transfer Rate 3.1 MB/sec 100 MB/sec Internet Services Broadband Ultra Broadband Mobile - TV Resolution Low High Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100MHz Frequency 1.6-2 GHz 2-8 GHz Download and upload 5.8 Mbps 14 Mbps The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality.
- 26. 26 5G TECHNOLOGY • 5G technology refer to short name of fifth Generation which was started from late 2010s. • Complete wireless communication with almost no limitations. • It is highly supportable to WWWW (Wireless World Wide Web).
- 27. 27 BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY • High Speed, High Capacity • 5G technology providing large broadcasting of data in Gbps . • Multi - Media Newspapers, watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an HD Quality. • Faster data transmission that of the previous generations. • Large Phone Memory, Dialing Speed, clarity in Audio/Video. • Support interactive multimedia , voice, streaming video, Internet and other • 5G is More Effective and More Attractive.
- 28. 28 BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY • Goals for future 5G include significantly faster speeds (a minimum of 1 Gbps and perhaps up to 10 Gbps) plus lower power requirements to better support huge numbers of new Internet of Things (IoT) devices
- 29. Mobile Radio Systems Classification • Simplex System: Communication is possible in only one direction : Garage Door Controller, Remote Controllers [TV/VCR/DISH] Pagers/Beepers • Semi-Duplex System: Communication is possible in two directions but one talks and other listens at any time[Push to Talk System]: Walki-Talki • Duplex System: Communication is possible in both directions at any time: Cellular Telephone [FDD or TDD]
- 30. Mobile Radio Systems Classification • Simplex System: Communication is possible in only one direction : Garage Door Controller, Remote Controllers [TV/VCR/DISH] Pagers/Beepers • Semi-Duplex System: Communication is possible in two directions but one talks and other listens at any time[Push to Talk System]: Walki-Talki • Duplex System: Communication is possible in both directions at any time: Cellular Telephone [FDD or TDD]
- 31. 31 END!