Assesment of genetic divergence in chickpea kabuli cultivars
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This study aims to assess genetic divergence among 42 chickpea cultivars and investigate relationships between traits and seed yield. The study will be conducted in Allahabad, India in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Data on days to flowering, plant height, branches, pods, seeds/pod, maturity, seed index, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index will be collected. Statistical analyses including ANOVA, coefficient of variation, heritability, and D2 analysis will determine genetic diversity and relationships between traits and yield to identify parents for hybridization and breeding to improve chickpea varieties.
Assesment of genetic divergence in chickpea kabuli cultivars
- 1. Synopsis for M.Sc (Ag) GPB on ASSESMENT OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN CHICKPEA KABULI CULTIVARS (Cicer kabulium L.) AND INTERRELATIONSHIP STUDIES WITH SEED YEILD Submitted By:NAVEEN JAKHAR I.D NO.-14MSCGPB037 I Under the Supervision of Dr. G.M.Lal Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (Formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute) Deemed-to-be University, Allahabad
- 2. CONTENTS 1) Introduction 2) Objectives 3) Materials and Methods - Layout Description - Experimental Materials -Methodology for recording Observation -Statistical Analysis 4) Expected Outcome 5) References
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Chick pea (Cicer kabulium) – Known as white or kabuli gram (2n=2x=16) • It belong to the Family leguminoseae. • Originated from South East Turkey. Basically Grown in temperate region and has poor yield potential as compared to brown or desi gram. The knowledge of genetic diversity is an useful tool in gene-bank management, identification and/or elimination of duplicates in the gene stock and establishment of core collections.
- 4. Genetic diversity among the parents is a prerequisite to improve the chances of selecting better segregants for various characters. The more diverse the parents within reasonable limits, the more are the chances of improving the characters under consideration. Quantification of genetic diversity in existing group of germplasm for yield and its components is very important in planning breeding programme of crop plants. It not only helps in selection of parents to get superior recombinants but also in understanding the pattern of variation for different characters and hence improving choices of selecting better segregants for various important traits.
- 5. -Area( lakh ha), Production (lakh tonnes), Productivity (kg/ha) of chickpea Particulars Area Production Productivity World 131.05 104.66 India 88.32 58.9 799.19 Uttar Pradesh 5.05 3.78 748.51 Source- www.agropedia.iitk.ac.in • Nutritional Importance (Per 100 g edible portion) Moisture - 23.1g, Carbohydrate – 27.42 g, Protein - 39 g, Fat – 2.59 g
- 6. OBJECTIVES To estimate the genetic variability of different plant characters of economic importance and their heritability pattern. To study association pattern among various traits and their direct and indirect effect on yield. .For further crop improvement with desired character combinations, it is required to hybridize diverse parents and for this, a measure of genetic diversity in the available genotypes is required.
- 7. MATERIALS AND METHODS Location and experimental site - The present study will be carried out at the Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHIATS. Allahabad; U.P. LIST OF GENOTYPES:- S.NO. Name of Genotypes S. N O. Name of Genotypes 1 ENTRY NO.- 23124 15 ENTRY NO -23145 2 ENTRY NO -23147 16 ENTRY NO -23142 3 ENTRY NO -23117 17 ENTRY NO -23157 4 ENTRY NO -23148 18 ENTRY NO -23123 5 ENTRY NO -23129 19 ENTRY NO -23132 6 ENTRY NO -23154 20 ENTRY NO -23150 7 ENTRY NO -23106 21 ENTRY NO -23130 8 ENTRY NO -23126 22 ENTRY NO -23118 9 ENTRY NO -23120 23 ENTRY NO -23114 10 ENTRY NO -23102 24 ENTRY NO -23139 11 ENTRY NO -23156 25 ENTRY NO -23121 12 ENTRY NO -23108 26 ENTRY NO -23105 13 ENTRY NO -23144 27 ENTRY NO -23103 14 ENTRY NO -23112 28 ENTRY NO -23153 29 ENTRY NO -23109 36 ENTRY NO -21135 30 ENTRY NO -23141 37 ENTRY NO -23159 31 ENTRY NO -23153 38 ENTRY NO -23127 32 ENTRY NO -23138 39 ENTRY NO -23115 33 ENTRY NO -23136 40 ENTRY NO -23111 34 ENTRY NO -23160 41 ENTRY NO -23101 35 ENTRY NO -23142 42 CHECK
- 8. LAYOUT DESCRIPTION Season : Rabi-2014 Crop : chickpea (kabuli) Number of genotypes : 42 Design of experiment : RBD (Randomized Block Design) Number of replications : 3 Row to Row distance : 30cm Plant to Plant distance : 15 cm Recommended dose : 20:40:40 NPK (kg/ha) Gross area : 225m2 Net area : 156m2 Date of sowing : 10/12/ 2014 Date of harvesting : 29/04/2015
- 9. OBSERVATIONS TO BE RECORDED Observations for all the traits will be recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication and from each plot except for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity where the observation will be recorded on plot basis: • Days to 50% flowering • Plant height (cm) • Number of primary branches • Number of pods per plant • Number of seed per pod • Days to maturity • Seed index (g) • Biological yield (g) • Seed yield per plant(g) • Harvest index (%)
- 10. METHODOLOGY 1. Days to 50 % flowering -Number of days will be recorded from the date of sowing to the date of maximum flowering in 50% of the plants of a plot. 2. Plant height (cm) -The plant height will be measured from base of the plant to the tip of the main shoot for five randomly select plants with the help of scale. 3. Number of primary branches per plant -The total number of branches originating from the main stem of five plants will be counted. 4. Number of pods per plant -The total number of pods from five randomly select plants will be counted manually from each plot. 5. Number of seeds per pod -Seed per pod will be counted from randomly select pods per plant. 6. Days to maturity -Number of days will be counted from the date of sowing to the pod maturity in 50% of the plants of a plot.
- 11. 7. Seed index (g) -Samples of 100 randomly select seeds will be taken from each plant and weight it. 8. Biological yield per plant (g) -The total dry matter produce by a crop is known as biological yield. 9. Seed yield per plant (g) - The seed weight of five randomly select plants will be recorded from each plot. 10. Harvest Index (%) -The value of harvest index will be calculated from the following formula given by Donald and Hamblin (1976). Economic yield (Seed yield) Harvest Index = ----------------------------------------- x 100 Biological yield
- 12. STATISTICALANALYSIS 1. Analysis of variance ( Fisher, 1936) 2. Coefficient of variation (Burton, 1952) : - Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) -Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) 3. Estimation of heritability. 4. D2 analysis (Mahalanobsis, 1936)
- 13. 1. Analysis of variance (Fisher, 1936) The analysis of variance will worked out to test the signification of f -tests. It will be done according to the procedure of randomized complete block design for each character as per methodology suggested by Fisher (1936). The total variance and degree of freedom will partition in to three components viz. replication, treatment and error. 2. Coefficient of variation (Burton, 1952) GCV: It measures the extent of variability present due to genotype in the given population. PCV: It measures the extent of variability present due to genotype as well as environment in the population 3. Estimation of heritability: Heritability (h2) will be worked out by using formula suggested by Burton and Devane (1953). It helps in estimation of proportion of variation that is due to genotype effects, that is the heritable portion of variation. If heritability of a character is very high then selection for that character will be fairly easy
- 14. 4. D2 analysis (Mahalanobsis, 1936) D2 analysis is use for the study of genetic divergence in the various breeding materials. The D2 values based on the mean of genotypes results in classifying the genotypes into distinct clusters with help of cluster diagram including within and between cluster distance. Genotype of same cluster have little divergence from each other as compared to genotypes present in two different clusters
- 15. EXPECTED OUTCOME - Selection of divergent parents will be further used in hybridization and breeding programme - Choosing parents belonging to the maximum divergent clusters are expected to manifest maximum heterosis in crossing and wide variability in genetic architecture. - Crosses may be attempted between the genotype of cluster separated by large inter- cluster distance will give a desirable transgressive segregants.
- 16. REFERENCES - Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. 2010. FAO Statistical Database. Available at http://faostat.fao.org/FAO,Rome. -www.agropedia.iitk.ac.in - Singh, B.D. (2012). Plant breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, p. 896. - Syed, M.A., Islam, M.R., Hossainm, M.S., Alam, M. and Amin, M.N.(2012). -Genetic divergence in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).Bangladesh J. Agric. Res. 37(1): 129-136 -Singh, R.K. and Chaudhary, B.D. (1999). Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetics Analysis, Kalyani publishers, pp: 318 -Kumar, A., R. Krishna, and S.K. Chaturvedi, (1998).-Genetic divergence in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Ind. J. Genet. Plant Bree d., 58(3): 337-342 -Kumar, N., (1997). Genetic diversity among chickpea accession. Ind. J. Genet. Plant Breed., 57(1): 12-15.