Aswathy edited

Subject: Technology and
Communication in education (EDU-03)
Topic: meaning, objectives and scope of
educational technology
Submitted to
Mrs. Mary Jain teacher
Emmanuel college of B.Ed.
Training, vazhichal
Submitted by
Aswathy Raman p
Option-commerce
Roll no: 25
Emmanuel college of B.Ed.
Training, vazhichal
Date of submission: 03 September 2019

Introduction
Educational Technology is the effective use of technological tools in
learning. As a concept, it concerns an array of tools, such as media, machines
and networking hardware, as well as considering underlying theoretical
perspectives for their effective application.
Educational Technology is a wide field. Therefore, one can find many e
definitions, some of which are conflicting. Educational technology can be e
considered either as a design science or as a collection of different research
interests addressing fundamental issues of learning, teaching and social
Organization. Nevertheless, there are a few features on which most researches
and practitioners might agree.
Use of Technology is principled: Technology means the Systematic
application of scientific knowledge to practical tasks. Therefore, educational
technology is based on theoretical knowledge drawn from different disciplines
(communication, education, psychology, sociology, philosophy, artificial
intelligence, computer science etc.) Plus experiential knowledge drew from
educational practice.
Educational technology aims to improve education. Technology should
facilitate learning processes and increase performance of the educational system
as it regards to effectiveness and/or efficiency.

Meaning of
Educational technology
Educational technology is a system of 5 M's. Educational technology e is a
system in education in which machines; materials, media, men and methods are
interrelated and work together for the fulfillment of specific educational
objectives. Technology explosion has yielded severalnew machines, materials and
media which gave great potential for use in the educational Enterprise. A
judicious use of these together with new functions and roles of educational
personnel can bring about more efficient and effective teaching -learning. An
adequate knowledge of theory and practices of educational technology and their
proper use would enable the teacher to understand and effectively discharge his
new roles in the educational system in an age of information explosion,
knowledge explosion, population explosion and expectation expression.
Educational technology is and applied for practical study which AIMS at
maximizing educational effects by controlling such relevant factors educational
purposes, educational content, teaching materials, educational environment,
conduct of students, behavior of instructors and interrelations between students
and instructors. It is a branch of study in which the research of Engineering
techniques, information science, natural science, behavior science and Human
Technology are to be used to promote the efficiency of education. In practice the

School treasury and administration, school and classroom management and the
work of instruction all can make use of educational technology.
Wider meaning of Educational technology: The National Council of educational
technology report-U.K. (1969) gives the wider meaning of educational
technology in these words, “It perhaps needs to be reiterated that the Council
sees educational technology as having a wider connotation then simply the use
of places as much stress on educational ideas on technological inventions,
largely because it accepts that fundamental advances usually come from the
interaction of changing concepts.
Definitions of Educational technology:
G.O.M.Leith: Educational technology is application of scientific knowledge
about learning, and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of teaching and learning.
J.Bloomer: Educational technology is the application of scientific
knowledge about learning to practical learning situations.
E.H.Hadden: Educational technology is that branch of educational theory and
practice which is concerned primarily with the design and use of messages
which control the learning process.

Objectives of educational
technology
General objectives of educationaltechnology:
Hilliard Jason has stated the following major objectives of educational technology.
1. Transmitting information,
2. Serving as role methods,
3. Assisting the practice of specific skills, and
4. Contributing to the provision offeedback.
Mackenzie and others describethe following four main objectives of
educational technology.
1. The need to reach morestudents,
2. To reach them with an improved range of learning materials,
3. New offer greater opportunities for independent study, and
4. Permit at least a limited student response.
Macro level objectives of educationaltechnology
(Objectives in terms of broad educational goals)
1. Identification of educational needs and aspirations ofthe
community.
2. Determination of the aims of education, broad Strategies and
structureof education.

3. Developing a suitable curriculumwith interaction of arts, human values
and sciences.
4. Identification of man material resources and Strategies for
achieving the desired aims of education.
5. Developing certain models leading to improvement in theprocess of
teaching learning.
6. Identification of major constraints in the environment andthe ways
and means of tackling them.
7. Assisting in extending vocational opportunities to mass officially
neglected sectors of society.
8. Managing the entire educational systemcoveringplanning,
implementation and evaluation phases.
Micro level objectives of educational technology
(Objectives in terms of specific classroom teaching)
1. Identifying and analyzing the characteristics andeducationalneeds
of the students.
2. Determining the specific classroomobjectives and stating themin
behavioralterms.
3. Analyzing the contents of instruction and organizing themin proper
sequence.
4. Identifying the available teaching learning material and resources.
5. Identifying the nature of the interaction of the subsystems like
students, teachers, teaching learning material, content of instruction
and methodologies.
6. Evaluating the effectiveness of the classroomteaching in terms of the
student’s performancefor change in behavior.
7. Providing appropriatefeedback to the students as well as teachers to
bring modification in the teaching learningprocess.

Scope of Educational
Technology
Scope of educational technology is us wideus education itself. Its scoperanges
from the concrete educational process to the most abstract and subtle once. It
includes the use of hardware and software and Systems analysis in various
educational operations. The possibility of using educational technology in almost
all areas of education has been and it’s been explored. These are three major
areas in education in which its scope is very wide. These are:
1. Technology related to General educational administrationand
management.
2. Technology related to general educational testing.
3. Technology related to the instructional process.
Rowntra (1973) has stated the following as the provinceof educational
technologists:
1. Identifying aims and objectives of learning.
2. Planning the learning environment.
3. Exploring and structuring the subject matter.
4. Selecting appropriateteaching Strategies and learning media.
5. Evaluating the effectiveness of the learning system.
6. Using the insides gained from evaluation to improvetheir
effectiveness for the future.

Importantareas which should compriseeducational technology are as under:
Concept and various facts of educational technology.
1. Teaching learning process.
2. Individualized instructionalTechnology.
3. Programmed learning.
4. Teaching models.
5. Learning theories.
6. Multimedia approach to teaching.
7. Mathetics.
8. Cybernetics.
9. Task analysis.
10. Modules.
11. Systems approach.
Conclusion
The communication Technologies available in today's world are radio, TV,
audio and video cassettes, Computer Based management (CBM), computer
assisted instruction, talking computers and educational telephone networks etc.
A number of products based on digital technology, such as, the compact disc,
digital audio tape, and digital TV are there.
The high technologies are capable of performing three main instructional
functions within the context of any teaching learning process: 1. create favorable
conditions for teaching and learning;
2. They providethe teacher with an efficient tool with which to manage the
learning process; and3. They serveas a vehicle to implement the curriculum
content.

These High technologies are helping to fill the educational gaps for a long
time but with limitations. There is only one way communication through most of
the high tech gadgets. We cannot share our feelings with gadgets. High
Technology has no human touch. It is mechanical.
Hitch is very expensive. In some of the Institutions there are not even
black boards. Why talk of computers, compact disc read only memory,
videotapes, video discs?
Induction of high technology is at the cost of dis locating and neglecting
human beings. Human beings have to enter computer rooms taking their shoes
off.
High technology is very often imported which me at times be strange to the
natives. Maintenance of high technology is a challenging task.
Following should be the guiding principles in the useof educational technology:
1. The appropriate educational technology is that whichconfirms under
responseto the perceptions of the learner.
2. Educational technology should aim at the Liberation ofthe learner.
3. A wisedistinction should be made between oppressivemediaand
congenial media.
4. Cost effectiveness of the appropriateeducational technology must be
taken into account.
5. Educational technology as far as possibleshould be based onthe
indigenous pathway and not a model of the west.
Only the appropriateuse of multimode and multimedia systems can
effectively assistthe teacher in converting the classroomfroma folder
structureinto a world of expanding knowledgeand self discovery for child
educational technology.

Reference:
Essentials of Educational Technology:
-J.C.Agarwal

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