Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

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  AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) PRESENTEDBY: Ms Mamta Bisht Lecturer
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  Introduction Autism spectrum disorderpreviously known as pervasive developmental disorder is a lifelong condition that is characterized by impairments in communication, social interactions and responsiveness.
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  Introduction • The onsetis during the early childhood. • The child may show delayed development up to the age of 2 years. • Most specific signs of autism during 2-3 years of age. • Some children with autism may develop normally until toddlerhood or when they stop acquiring or lose previously gained skills.
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  DEFINITION Autism refers toa condition where the person lacks the communication skills and social interactions resulting in isolation The term "spectrum" in Autism spectrum disorder refers to the wide range of symptoms and severity.
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  RISK FACTORS ❖Genetics –monozygotictwins and first degree relatives. ❖Viral infections, medications or complications during pregnancy. ❖Prenatal exposure to Valporic acid ❖Family history of ASD ❖More common among boys ❖Preterm babies(LBW)
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  CLINICAL FEATURES OF AUTISMSPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
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  Poor social communicationand social interaction • Usually quiet and alone • lack social reciprocity • Lost in their own world • Reduced eye contact and lack facial expression • Lack of response to their name • Does not express feeling and emotions. • Appear unaware of others feeling.
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  Poor social communicationand social interaction • Abnormal tone and rhythm (singing or robot like voice) • Fails to respond and appears not to hear you • Resists cuddling and holding • Prefer solitary activities and play alone • Inability to start or sustain the communication • Inability to use or understand social cues.
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  Restricted and repetitivepatterns of behaviors, interests or activities • Repetitive movements such as spinning, rocking or hand flapping • Get disturbed with changes in routine or environment. • Indifferent to pain and temperature • Fixation to an object, toy or activity • Has specific food preferences • Problems with coordinated movements.
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  MANAGEMENT Autism cannot becured, so the goal is to help a person gain skills, and improve daily life, including school, work, relationships, etc. Individualised care: Every person with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has different needs.
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  Applied Behavior analysis ABAis a system of reward-based training that focuses on teaching particular skills and behaviors, such as everyday tasks specifically developed for autism.
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  Social skills training Thechild can be trained how to interact appropriately by sharing, collaborating, taking turns, asking and answering questions (usually in group situations)
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  Speech Therapy Speech therapymay include communication skills training (verbal and non-verbal) and focus on speech pragmatics (the ability to use language in a social setting).
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  Play Therapy: Autistic childrenprefer playing alone. Play therapy can help them connect with other people, both children and adults during the play activities. It can also improve their communication skills, social skills and emotional skills.
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  Pharmacological management • Selectiveserotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for anxiety, depression and/or obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD), which may accompany autism spectrum disorders. • Antipsychotic medications may be recommended if behaviors are dangerous or out of control.
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  FAMILY EDUCATION &COUNSELLING • Learn as much as possible about autism spectrum disorder • Provide consistent structure and routine • Connect with other parents of children with autism • Seek professional help for specific concerns • Take time for yourself and other family members
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  Thank you Presented ByMamta Bisht 21