Autoimmunity.ppt from the college of arts

Autoimmunity.ppt from the college of arts

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  AUTOIMMUNITY Click to addsubtitle
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  INTRODUCTION Autoimmune disease occurswhen the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of a breakdown of immunologic tolerance to autoreactive immune cells. Many autoimmune disorders have been strongly associated with genetic, infectious, and/or environmental predisposing factors.
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  Immune tolerance andautoimmunity Tcell entral t e Bcell
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  The Clonal SelectionTheory of Immunity (Macfarlane Burnet) "Sel-antigensfrom the body's own tissues delete self-reactive lymphocytes Foreign antigen Hematopoietic stem cell Mature, inactive Lymphocytes, each with a single type of receptor antigen ymphocytes, primarilyto nonself or foreign antigen Expanded clone of antigen specific lymphocytes or
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  Mechanisms of AutoimmuneDisease abnormal activation of the immune system activated immune cells cel APC B-cel chemicaland soluble mediators antibodes. oytokines, NO, etc genetic tactors tered immune regulation (autoantigens) nents AUTOIMMUNITY autoimmunesdiseases
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  MOLECULAR MIMICRY 1 Thebacterum Streptococcs PoE 2. The patient makes Tcells and antibodies againstthe M proteinof the Streptococcu ntects h teretons pat . Man organ ofthe patient (ay the heart) containsa patient's Tcells and antibodies will atack both argets(the streptococcalprotein and the patient look alile protein)
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  CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOIMMUNITY Autoimmunediseases can be broadly divided into systemic and organ-specific or localised autoimmune disorders, depending on the principal clinico pathologic features of each disease. Systemic autoimmune diseases include SLE, rheumatoid arthritis organ-specific or localised autoimmune disorders Diabetes mellitus type 1, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's syndrome
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  Systemic autoimmune diseases Systemicautoimmune diseases are a broad range of related diseases characterized by dysregulation of immune system. The mechanism of pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases is still not very clear. It is now considered that genetic factors, infection, endocrine,, and environmental exposure are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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  Systemic lupus erythematosus Mouthand nose ulcers Skin butterfly rash and red patches Heart dOcarditis in sCierosis Lungs PieurnS Pneumonitis pulmonary emboli pulmonary hemorrhage the fibrous sac Severe abdominal pain Blood ,-anemia high blood pressure Kidneys blood in the urinee Hair loss Muscleand High fever pain an - arthritisaches swollen joints Abnormal headache
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  The Stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis Degraded cartilageSTAGE The body mistakenly attacks ts own ont bssue. STAGE 2 The body makes the antibodies and the oints start sweling up Swollen inflammed synovial STAGE 3 Thejoints start becoming bent and deformed, the fngers become crooked. These msshapen jonts can press on the nerves and can cause nerve pan as wel. membrane STAGE 4 nottreated, the dsease wil progress to the last stag.nwhch theres no ont remanng at al and the ont is essentialy Bone erosion used.
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  ORGAN SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNITY Graves disease symptoms Exophthalmos oiter Sweating9 Arrhythmia and tachycardia Head Nausea and Emotional instability ollgomenorrhea (in femal Tremor Muscle weakness