Automated Java Deployments With Rpm
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This document proposes using RPM packages to deploy Java applications to Red Hat Linux systems in a more automated and standardized way. Currently, deployment is a manual multi-step process that is slow, error-prone, and requires detailed application knowledge. The proposal suggests using Maven and Jenkins to build Java applications into RPM packages. These packages can then be installed, upgraded, and rolled back easily using common Linux tools like YUM. This approach simplifies deployment, improves speed, enables easy auditing of versions, and allows for faster rollbacks compared to the current process.
![Why?
Need to install a fully functioning mytomcatapp in
Development?
$ yum install mytomcatapp
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version
================================================================================
Installing:
mytomcatapp noarch 1.2.3-1
Installing for dependencies:
oracle-instantclient11.2-jdbc x86_64 11.2.0.2.0-1
oracle-instantclient11.2-basic x86_64 11.2.0.2.0-1
tomcat6 x86_64 6.0.26-1
tomcat6-servlet x86_64 6.0.26-1
tomcat6-jsp-2.1-api x86_64 6.0.26-1
tomcat6-el x86_64 6.0.26-1
tomcat6-lib x86_64 6.0.26-1
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 8 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 58 M
Is this ok [y/N]:](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automatedjavadeploymentswithrpm-13197931061491-phpapp01-111028041540-phpapp01/85/Automated-Java-Deployments-With-Rpm-12-320.jpg)
![Puppet
Current Puppet Module
class mytomcatapp::install {
$packagelist = ["oracle-instantclient11.2-jdbc"]
package{ $packagelist: ensure => installed }
file{"/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp.war":
source => ["puppet:///modules/mytomcatapp/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/${fqdn}.mytomcatapp.war",
"puppet:///modules/mytomcatapp/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/${custom_env}.mytomcatapp.war",
"puppet:///modules/mytomcatapp/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/default.mytomcatapp.war"],
owner => "tomcat",
group => "tomcat",
notify => Class["tomcat6::service"],
mode => 644,
}
}
...100 lines later...
class mytomcatapp::portal {
include mytomcatapp::common
include mytomcatapp::install
include mytomcatapp::config
include mytomcatapp::backup
include mytomcatapp::monitor
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automatedjavadeploymentswithrpm-13197931061491-phpapp01-111028041540-phpapp01/85/Automated-Java-Deployments-With-Rpm-13-320.jpg)
![Impact on Puppet
New Puppet Module
class mytomcatapp::install {
$packagelist = [$mytomcatapp::common::package]
package{ $packagelist: ensure => installed }
}
class mytomcatapp::monitor {
#noop
}
class mytomcatapp::portal {
include mytomcatapp::common
include mytomcatapp::common::environment
include mytomcatapp::install
include mytomcatapp::monitor
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automatedjavadeploymentswithrpm-13197931061491-phpapp01-111028041540-phpapp01/85/Automated-Java-Deployments-With-Rpm-14-320.jpg)
![Auditability
Question – What version of mytomcatapp is in
X environment?
[actionjack@rasengan]$ rpm -qi mytomcatapp
Name : mytomcatapp Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 1.2.4 Vendor: Uncommon Sense
Release : 1 Build Date: Fri 07 Oct 2011 06:21:10 PM BST
Install Date: Fri 07 Oct 2011 06:31:10 PM Build Host: rasengan.uncommonsense.local
Group : Development Source RPM: mytomcatapp-1.2.4-1.src.rpm
Size : 17922480 License: 2011, Uncommon Sense
Signature : (none)
Packager : Martin Jackson <martin@uncommonsense-uk.com>
Summary : Unnamed - com.uncommonsense-uk:mytomcatapp:war:1.2.4
Description :
My Tomcat App.
Question – Has anybody changed anything?
[actionjack@rasengan]$ rpm --verify mytomcatapp
[actionjack@rasengan]$ echo I guess not...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automatedjavadeploymentswithrpm-13197931061491-phpapp01-111028041540-phpapp01/85/Automated-Java-Deployments-With-Rpm-17-320.jpg)
![Rolling Back
Rapid recovery needed?
[actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo yum upgrade mytomcatapp
[actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo tail /var/log/tomcat6/catalina.out
mytomcatappv1.3.1-alpha starting...
Err something isn’t quite right..
I feel sick...
I’m gonna puke..
[actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo rpm –e mytomcatapp
[actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo yum install mytomcatapp-1.2.4
[actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat6 restart
[actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo tail /var/log/tomcat6/catalina.out
mytomcatappv1.2.4-alpha starting...
Top of the morning to you!
Ready for business.
[actionjack@rasengan]$](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/automatedjavadeploymentswithrpm-13197931061491-phpapp01-111028041540-phpapp01/85/Automated-Java-Deployments-With-Rpm-18-320.jpg)
Automated Java Deployments With Rpm
- 1. Automated RPM based Java Artefact Deployments With Puppet for Red Hat Based Linux Systems
- 2. Code that is written and not deployed is money wasted.” Jesse Robbins, Opscode
- 3. My Current Problem Tomcat Application Deployment where: • Artefacts are supplied as a drop in WAR/JAR file built by Maven • Environment specific configuration items are not externalized to the WAR/JAR e.g. hardcoded hostnames and databases in hibernate.xml • Environment variables are not being used to define different environments e.g. java –Denv=dev • Due to Rapid development there are many releases and files types and their uses are in flux e.g. changing formats in hibernate.xml
- 4. Anti-patterns The way we currently deploy our Java applications is an anti-pattern (ConfigurationBirdsNest*) Example deploy of mytomcatapp application: $ service tomcat6 stop $ rm /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp.war $ rm –rf /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp $ rm –rf /var/cache/tomcat6/work/Catalina/localhost/mytomcatapp $ service tomcat6 start $ wget –O /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp.war http://path/to/mytomcatapp.war $ sleep 30 $ service tomcat6 stop $ vi /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/META-INF/context.xml $ vi /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/WEB- INF/classes/application.properties $ vi /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/WEB- INF/classes/hibernate.cfg.xml $ vi /etc/tomcat6/Catalina/localhost/mytomcatapp.xml $ service tomcat6 start *http://code.google.com/p/devops-toolchain/wiki/ConfigurationBirdNest
- 5. Why are these anti-patterns? It’s slow It’s risky (typing errors anyone?) It requires detailed knowledge of the application Configuration files and their purpose are in flux and require constant updating of puppet (or insert configuration management tool of choice here) code
- 6. Design Patterns Adaptive Deployment* & Code Data Split** *http://code.google.com/p/devops-toolchain/wiki/AdaptiveDeployment ** http://code.google.com/p/devops-toolchain/wiki/CodeDataSplit
- 7. A problem shared is a problem halved… Communicating to our Developers why this causes us pain Why we should either: • Externalize our configuration with overrides • Or use environment variables to separate them • Or tokenize them Why War files don’t fully meet our needs in Ops • Version querying • Audibility • Speed • Fast rollback
- 8. Design Pattern RPM Packaged Artifact* based delivery for Java *http://code.google.com/p/devops-toolchain/wiki/PackagedArtifact
- 9. Proposal Using RPM-Maven-Plugin* • Automated Red Hat Package creation of Java applications and deploy them to your software artefact repository Leveraging Jenkins** (or insert CI tool of choice here) to automatically build them as artefacts alongside the war/jar’s Using Jenkins ssh plugin*** to copy rpm to cobbler repo and perform a “cobbler reposync” *http://mojo.codehaus.org/rpm-maven-plugin/ **http://jenkins-ci.org/ *** https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/SSH+plugin & https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Publish+Over+SSH+Plugin
- 10. Why? Just by adding something like this to your maven pom.xml build files: <properties> <app.home>/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp</app.home> </properties> ... <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>rpm-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0.1</version> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>rpm</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <copyright>2011, Uncommon Sense Consulting</copyright> <group>Development</group> <description>Maven Recipe: RPM Package.</description> <mappings> <mapping> <directory>${app.home}</directory> <sources> <source> <location>target/mytomcatapp</location> </source> </mapping> </mappings> </configuration> </plugin>
- 11. Why? We can get a Red Hat Package mytomcatapp-$version.rpm – contains /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/META-INF /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/META-INF/maven /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/WEB-INF /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/WEB-INF/classes /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/WEB-INF/lib
- 12. Why? Need to install a fully functioning mytomcatapp in Development? $ yum install mytomcatapp Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version ================================================================================ Installing: mytomcatapp noarch 1.2.3-1 Installing for dependencies: oracle-instantclient11.2-jdbc x86_64 11.2.0.2.0-1 oracle-instantclient11.2-basic x86_64 11.2.0.2.0-1 tomcat6 x86_64 6.0.26-1 tomcat6-servlet x86_64 6.0.26-1 tomcat6-jsp-2.1-api x86_64 6.0.26-1 tomcat6-el x86_64 6.0.26-1 tomcat6-lib x86_64 6.0.26-1 Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 8 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 58 M Is this ok [y/N]:
- 13. Puppet Current Puppet Module class mytomcatapp::install { $packagelist = ["oracle-instantclient11.2-jdbc"] package{ $packagelist: ensure => installed } file{"/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp.war": source => ["puppet:///modules/mytomcatapp/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/${fqdn}.mytomcatapp.war", "puppet:///modules/mytomcatapp/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/${custom_env}.mytomcatapp.war", "puppet:///modules/mytomcatapp/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/default.mytomcatapp.war"], owner => "tomcat", group => "tomcat", notify => Class["tomcat6::service"], mode => 644, } } ...100 lines later... class mytomcatapp::portal { include mytomcatapp::common include mytomcatapp::install include mytomcatapp::config include mytomcatapp::backup include mytomcatapp::monitor }
- 14. Impact on Puppet New Puppet Module class mytomcatapp::install { $packagelist = [$mytomcatapp::common::package] package{ $packagelist: ensure => installed } } class mytomcatapp::monitor { #noop } class mytomcatapp::portal { include mytomcatapp::common include mytomcatapp::common::environment include mytomcatapp::install include mytomcatapp::monitor }
- 15. Value Proposition Simplicity in application deployment – lower overhead, puppet friendly runtime changes Massive speed improvement in time to deploy and upgrades • Bare metal deploy estimate is 5 minutes down from 8 minutes • Application upgrade is 60 seconds down from 60 minutes Auditability – upgrades are logged and version’s easily and programmatically checked: $ rpm –qi mytomcatapp Rollback is as simple as: $ rpm –e mytomcatapp $ yum install mytomcatapp-$previousversion
- 16. Simplicity Pop Quiz! What’s easier? This? $ service tomcat6 stop $ rm /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp.war $ rm –rf /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp $ rm –rf /var/cache/tomcat6/work/Catalina/localhost/mytomcatapp $ service tomcat6 start $ wget –O /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp.war http://path/to/mytomcatapp.war $ sleep 30 $ service tomcat6 stop $ vi /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/META-INF/context.xml $ vi /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/WEB- INF/classes/application.properties $ vi /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/mytomcatapp/WEB- INF/classes/hibernate.cfg.xml $ vi /etc/tomcat6/Catalina/localhost/mytomcatapp.xml $ service tomcat6 start Or this? Bonus points if you guess what’s faster! $ yum upgrade mytomcatapp
- 17. Auditability Question – What version of mytomcatapp is in X environment? [actionjack@rasengan]$ rpm -qi mytomcatapp Name : mytomcatapp Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 1.2.4 Vendor: Uncommon Sense Release : 1 Build Date: Fri 07 Oct 2011 06:21:10 PM BST Install Date: Fri 07 Oct 2011 06:31:10 PM Build Host: rasengan.uncommonsense.local Group : Development Source RPM: mytomcatapp-1.2.4-1.src.rpm Size : 17922480 License: 2011, Uncommon Sense Signature : (none) Packager : Martin Jackson <[email protected]> Summary : Unnamed - com.uncommonsense-uk:mytomcatapp:war:1.2.4 Description : My Tomcat App. Question – Has anybody changed anything? [actionjack@rasengan]$ rpm --verify mytomcatapp [actionjack@rasengan]$ echo I guess not...
- 18. Rolling Back Rapid recovery needed? [actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo yum upgrade mytomcatapp [actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo tail /var/log/tomcat6/catalina.out mytomcatappv1.3.1-alpha starting... Err something isn’t quite right.. I feel sick... I’m gonna puke.. [actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo rpm –e mytomcatapp [actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo yum install mytomcatapp-1.2.4 [actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat6 restart [actionjack@rasengan]$ sudo tail /var/log/tomcat6/catalina.out mytomcatappv1.2.4-alpha starting... Top of the morning to you! Ready for business. [actionjack@rasengan]$
- 19. Using RPM-Maven-Plugin to build a test mytomcatapp RPM.
- 20. Questions and a Call makeAction Lets to things suck just a little bit less!