The Aztec people dominated parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to 16th centuries, speaking Nahuatl. They formed the Aztec Triple Alliance centered in the capital city of Tenochtitlan in the Valley of Mexico. Through alliances and military conquest, the Aztecs came to rule a large tributary empire across Mesoamerica by the early 1500s. However, in 1521 the Aztec Empire fell when the Spanish, led by Hernán Cortés, allied with native peoples and conquered Tenochtitlan, establishing Mexico City on its ruins and colonizing the region.