Banana freckle leaf spot disease

Banana freckle leaf spot disease

• 1.
  COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURALTECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 BANANA FRECKLE LEAF SPOT DISEASE STUDENT COURSE TEACHER ARVINTH. S Dr. PARTHASARATHY. S 2015021016 Asst.Prof., (Plant Pathology)
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  Disease Name: Banana Freckleleaf spot disease Pathogen Name: Teleomorph : Guignardia musae Anamorph : Phyllosticta musarum Common Name: Banana freckle
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  Systematic Position Kingdom :Fungi Phylum : Ascomycota Class : Dothediomycetes Subclass : Incertaesedis Order : Botryosphaeriales Family : Botryosphaeriaceae Genus : Guignardia Species : G. musae
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  Occurrence History and Diversity Inthe absence of disease management, there is an estimated 78% yield loss. Although the fruit is still edible when affected by the disease, market value is reduced. This causes problems for the exporting business in Taiwan and the Philippines.
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   Banana Frecklewas first identified in Hawaii in 1917 and then soon after in the Philippines.  The disease is most common in Hawaii, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, and New Guinea. This devastating fungal disease can infect the leaves during any stage of the plant’s life cycle.  It is believed that the pathogen is mutating rapidly and needs to be closely monitored. Further testing and quarantine notices have been placed on infected areas to prevent movement of disease.
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  Pathogen description • Sporesland on Banana plant or fruit by rain splash or movement of infected tissue and fruit. • The spores that landed on the plant germinate grow on the outside of the host into masses known as mycelium, they also form appressoria in order to penetrate the host cells. • After entering, the hyphae form a haustorium which allows them to absorb nutrients through the plasma membrane of the host cell.
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  • Asexually itproduces fruiting body called as pycnidium in which conidia are borne. • Sexually the hyphae of opposite mating types undergo karyogamy and meiosis to produce ascocarp with asci.
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  Symptoms • Symptoms typicallyappear after 2–4 weeks after the banana cluster has opened, and seem to be primarily localized on older leaves. • Infected tissues may also yellow with age, and eventually senesce in the most severe case of symptoms. Even in the cases of minor infection, the fungus renders the banana fruit unmarketable at the loss of the grower.
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  • Major macroscopicdiagnostic signs include small brown to dark brown specks on leaves and fruits, which indicate the presence of fungal spores protruding through the infected tissues. • This gives leaf a sooty appearance and rough texture and these spots cover the entire surface. • Microscopically, these dark spots, or freckles, can range from 1 mm in diameter to 4 mm.
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  Symptoms © http://www.pestnet.org/fact_sheets/banana_freckle_124.htm
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  © http://www.pestnet.org/fact_sheets/banana_freckle_124.htm
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  © http://www.pestnet.org/fact_sheets/banana_freckle_124.htm
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  Spread of disease Modeof spread : Spores land on Banana plant or fruit by rain splash or movement of infected tissue and fruit. Favorable conditions The fungus develops in wet weather and in heavy rainfall.
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  Management Physical control • Bagbunches as soon as possible after the male bud has been removed to help prevent fruit infection. Cultural control • Cut out diseased patches on leaves. • Growing resistant varieties such as Cavendish AAA banana.
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  Chemical control In severecases, spray Bordeaux mixture 1% or Mancozeb 0.3% (3g/L) along with stickers. Copper oxy chloride (Oleop) @ 0.2-0.4% (2-4g/L) is also recommended.