Basel Convention General Overview
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The Basel Convention aims to reduce the transboundary movement of hazardous and other wastes and ensure their environmentally sound management. It establishes obligations for its parties to control the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, including a ban on exports to non-OECD countries. The convention also promotes the environmentally sound management of wastes and establishes mechanisms for monitoring, reporting, and compliance. Its strategic framework for 2012-2021 focuses on effective implementation of parties' obligations and strengthening environmentally sound waste management.
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Basel Convention General Overview
- 2. Contents â Historical Backgrounds â General Overview â Objectives â Waste covered by Basel Convention â Basel Restriction â Implementation Mechanism â Strategic Framework â The Ban amendment and Liability Protocol â Basel cycle solution# â Conclusion 2
- 3. Historical Backgrounds ďWith the tightening of environmental regulations in developing nations , the disposal cost of hazardous waste dramatically rose up in 1970. ďtransboundary movement of waste more accessible because disposal costs in developing economies were low, few regulations, low standards. ďToxic colonialism ďno legal framework to control dump ďWhen these practices are more distinct, International ď outrage led to the drafting and adoption of the Basel Convention. 3
- 4. General Overview ďśA global legal instrument on âthe control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and on their disposalâ. ďąAdopted in 1989, ďą entered into force in 1992. ďąStatus of participation (2014): 180 countires ďąAffiliated instruments: ďź Basel Ban (1995) ďź Liability Protocol (1995) ďź Environmentally Sound Management (1999) 4
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- 6. Non Parties to the convention Angola Burma East Timor Fiji Grenada Haiti SĂŁo TomĂŠ and PrĂncipe ,San Marino Sierra Leone Solomon Islands South Sudan Tajikistan Tuvalu United States Vanuatu 6
- 7. Overall goal ďź To protect human health and the environmental against the adverse effects resulting from the generation and management of hazardous wastes and other wastes. ďź Reduction of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes; ďź Minimization of generation - quantity and degree of hazard; ďź Promotion of environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes Further Objectives 7
- 8. Wastes covered by Basel Convention Toxicity Corrosivity Ignitability Reactivity Eco-toxicity Currently addresses 27 specific categories of waste and 18 waste streams (Source :UNEP ,2005) Clinical wastes. Mining wastes. Industrial wastes. Agricultural wastes. End of life equipments and commodities (asbestos, PCB equip., stockpiles, batteries, e-wastes, ships, etc.) 8
- 9. Basel Restriction ďś The exports of waste occur only under the following circumstances: If the exporting country does not have sufficient disposal capacity If the exporting country does not have disposal sites that can dispose of the waste in an environmentally sound manner If the wastes are required as a raw material for recycling or recovery industries in the importing country. ďś Basel also prohibits movement of waste between parties to the convention and non-parties except when these movements occur under an equivalent bilateral or multilateral agreement. The bilateral or multilateral agreements must provide an equally sound management structure for transboundary movements of waste. 9
- 10. Basal Convention Mechanism for Promoting Implementation and Compliance 10
- 11. Under the Basel Convention, all parties must report all hazardous wastes and others wastes generated. The scoping and implementation plan for the inventory should answer at least the following questions: ⢠Waste streams to be covered; ⢠Geographical area to be covered; ⢠Specific exclusions from the scope; ⢠Level of classification of waste generating facilities (level of ISIC code or corresponding); ⢠The system and the level of classification of hazardous wastes and other wastes, and harmonization between the national and Basel codes. 11
- 12. Milestones First decade achievements (1989-1999) ďś Framework for controlling transboundary movements of hazardous wastes; Control system (based on prior written notification); ďś Developed criteria for âEnvironmentally Sound Managementâ (ESM). ďś Partnerships to increase co-operation and strategic alliances; 2000-2010 Second decade Priorities ďś Environmentally sound management and active promotion and use of cleaner technologies and production methods; ďś Further reduction of the movement of hazardous and other wastes; ďś Prevention and monitoring of illegal traffic; ďś Improvement of institutional and technical capabilities especially for developing and EIT countries; ďś Further development of regional and sub-regional centres for training and technology transfer. 12
- 13. Strategic Framework ďś The strategic framework for 2012â2021 was adopted by the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties ďś Effective implementation of partiesâ obligations on transboundary movements of hazardous and other wastes ďś Strengthening the environmentally sound management of hazardous and other wastes ďś Promoting the implementation of the environmentally sound management of hazardous and other wastes as an essential contribution to the attainment of sustainable livelihood, the Millennium Development Goals and the protection of human health and the environment 13
- 14. The Ban Amedemeant ⢠ban on movement of wastes for disposal from Annex VII countries to non-Annex VII countries; ⢠ban on movement of wastes for recovery and recycling from Annex VII countries to non- Annex VII countries ⢠Total number of ratification (79 countries) (Annex VII = OECD, EC and Liechtenstein) 14
- 15. Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Provide for a comprehensive regime for liability as well as adequate and prompt compensation for damage resulting from the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes, including incidents occurring because of illegal traffic. Total number of signature -13 Total number of parties -11 15
- 16. Basel Waste Solutions Circle ď promote the protection of human health and livelihood through the ESM of hazardous wastes worldwide. ď provides a platform to showcase successful activities ď to gain recognition or support for these, which could in turn lead to replication in other parts of the world or to the establishment of partnerships with other members. ďź Governments, intergovernmental organizations, public interest and civil society groups at all levels, professional organizations, industrial organizations, academic institutions, private enterprises, communities and individuals that implement an activity recognized under the Circle. 16
- 17. Conclusion ⢠The ability of each Party to implement the Basel Convention ⢠is enhanced. ⢠The environmentally sound management of hazardous ⢠wastes and other wastes is accessible to all Parties. ⢠Transboundary Movements of hazardous wastes are further ⢠reduced and illegal traffic is prevented. ⢠Partnership for the effective implementation of the ⢠Convention is strengthened at the global, national and local ⢠level. ⢠Awareness and understanding of the Convention is increased amongst all sectors of society ⢠Global membership of the Convention is achieved. 17
- 18. ⢠Milestones ⢠1989 / 1999 - First decade achievements ⢠> Framework for controlling transboundary movements of hazardous wastes; ⢠> Control system (based on prior written notification); ď Developed criteria for âEnvironmentally Sound Managementâ (ESM). ⢠2000-2010 ⢠> Partnerships to increase co-operation and strategic alliances; ⢠> Environmentally sound management and active promotion and use of cleaner technologies and production methods; ⢠> Further reduction of the movement of hazardous and other wastes; ⢠> Prevention and monitoring of illegal traffic; ⢠> Improvement of institutional and technical capabilities especially for developing and EIT countries; ⢠> Further development of regional and sub-regional centres for training and technology transfer.