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BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTSMADE BY: SIR SAROJ KUMAR
The document outlines basic computer concepts, defining data, information, and data processing, alongside the major components of computer systems: hardware, software, and liveware. It details key hardware components such as the CPU, memory units, input and output devices, and secondary storage, while also explaining units of measurement for data. Overall, the document serves as an introductory guide to understanding how computers operate and the fundamental principles behind them.
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BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTSMADE BY: SIR SAROJ KUMAR
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- 2. ■ DATA isa collection of independent and unorganized facts. ■ INFORMATION is the processed and organized data presented in a meaningful form. ■ DATA PROCESSING is the course of doing things in a sequence of steps.
- 3. ■ COMPUTER isan electronic machine that follows a set of instructions in order that it may be able to accept and gather data and transform these into information.
- 4. Data Processing InComputer 1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT) 2. It processes data to become information. (PROCESSING) 3. It stores data and information. (STORE) 4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)
- 5. Three Major Components ■HARDWARE is the tangible part of a computer system. ■ SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part that tells the computer how to do its job. ■ LIVEWARE refer to people who use and operate the computer system, write computer programs, and analyze and design the information system.
- 6. Basic Units ofMeasurement ■ BIT is a unit of information equivalent to the result of a choice between only 2 possible alternatives in the binary number system. ■ BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit for information.
- 7. Basic Units ofMeasurement 1,024 bytes =1 kilobyte ( KB) 1,024 KB =1 megabyte (MB) 1,024 MB =1 gigabyte (GB) 1,024 GB =1 Terabyte (TB) 1,024 TB = 1Petabyte(PB) 1,024 PB =1 Exabyte(EB) 1,024 EB =1 Zetta Byte(ZB) 1,024 ZB =1 Yotta Byte(YB) 1,024 YB = 1 Bronto Byte 1,024 Bronto Byte = 1 Geop Byte
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- 9. Basic hardware ofa PC system ■ Central Processing Unit (CPU) ■ Memory Unit ■ Input Devices ■ Output Devices ■ Secondary Storage Devices
- 10. 1. Central ProcessingUnit ■ Brain of the computer. ■ It directs and controls the entire computer system and performs all arithmetic and logical operations.
- 11. 2. Memory Unit Wherethe programs and data are stored . READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) contains the pre-programmed computer instructions such as the Basic Input Output System (BIOS). RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) is used to store the programs and data that you will run. Exists only when there is power.
- 12. 3. Input Devices ■Allows data and programs to be sent to the CPU. ◻ Keyboard ◻ Mouse ◻ Joystick ◻ Microphone ◻ Webcam ◻ Scanner ◻ Monitor
- 13. Other Pointing Devices ■Trackball ■ Track point ■ Touch pad ■ Touch Screen
- 14. ■ Joystick –input device for computer games ■ Light Pens – light- sensitive penlike device ■ Stylus – penlike device commonly used with tablet PCs and PDAs.
- 15. Scanning Devices ■ Opticalscanners ■ Card readers ■ Bar code readers ■ Character and mark recognition devices
- 16. Image Capturing Devices ■Digital Cameras ■ Digital Video Cameras
- 17. 4. Output Devices ■Media used by the computer in displaying its responses to our requests and instructions. ■ Monitor ■ Audio Speakers ■ Printer
- 18. Printers ■ IMPACT PRINTERSuses pressure by physically striking the paper. Ex. Daisy wheel printers, line printers, dot matrix printers & band printers. ■ NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply pressure on the paper but instead produces character by using lasers, ink spray, photography or heat.
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- 20. 5. Secondary StorageDevices ■ Attached to the computer system to allow you to store programs and data permanently for the purpose of retrieving them for future use. ■ Floppy disk, Hard disk, CD Rom
- 21. Hard Disk Driveor Hard Disk ■ Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks ■ Holds a greater amount of data
- 22. Optical Discs ■ Astandard part of modern desktop machines, especially used for multimedia purposes and preferred in loading applications.
- 23. Kinds ■ Blue RayDisk – 40G ■ Digital Versatile Disk ◻ DVD-R – write once, 3.95G ◻ DVD RW – rewritable, 3G ◻ Single Layer and Double Layer ■ Compact Disk ◻ CD-R – write once, 650MB ◻ CD-RW – rewritable, 700MB
- 24. Optical Drives ■ CD-ROMread CDs ■ CD-Writer read/write CDs ■ DVD-Combo read/write CDs, read DVD ■ DVD Writer read/write CDs read/write DVDs
- 25. Other Secondary Storage ■Solid-State Storage ◻Flash memory cards ◻USB flash drives
- 26. Parts that BuildUp A System Unit ■ Casing or cover ■ Power Supply ■ Motherboard ■ Microprocessor ■ Memory ■ Video Card ■ Sound card ■ Floppy disk drive ■ Hard disk drive ■ CD-ROM drive ■ MODEM
- 27. Motherboard ■ The physicalarrangement in a computer that contains the computer’s basic circuitry and components. ■ Components are: ◻ Microprocessor ◻ (Optional) Coprocessors ◻ Memory ◻ Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) ◻ Expansion Slot ◻ Interconnecting circuitry
- 28. Expansion Slots ■ Graphiccards ■ Sound cards ■ Modem cards ■ Network interface cards/network adapter