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basic nursing instruments pdf with pictures
- 1. BASIC INSTRUMENTS USEDIN NURSING SCHOOL OF NURSING St. GERARDS CATHOLIC HOSPITAL KAKURI KADUNA. [email protected]
- 2. DEFINITIONS These are toolsor device used in the hospital for a particular purpose, task especially for delicate or scientific work. The basic instruments are classed into: 1) Surgical instruments 2) Obstetrics and Gynaecological instruments 3) Paediatric instruments 4) Nursing instruments 5) Medical instruments 6) Ear, nose and throat instrument 7) Ophthalmology instrument 8) Diagnostic instruments 9) Intensive care and special baby care unit instrument.
- 3. REUSEABLES INSTUMENT NONREUSEABLE INSTUMENT These are instruments that after usage are recycled by washing, cleaning, socking in antiseptic solutions over some hours or days, drying and sterilization process at the central sterilization unit of the hospital. These are instrument that are used once and they can not be recycled nor sterilized or be reused on another patient. THE BASIC INSTURMENTS USED IN NURSING PROFESSION ARE CLASSIFIED INTO:
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- 7. RUBBER ITEMS These arespecial appliance used by patient and nursing staff in the hospital. These includes: Catheter Rectal tubes Stomach wash tube Infusion / transfusion tube (set). Mackintosh Hot water bottle Ice bag Air cushion Gloves Clips Boots. etc.
- 8. INTRODUCTION Rubber items serve specializepurposes such as to empty the content of the bladder (catheter), rectum ( rectal tube), lavage (washout tube), to administer blood and large dose of medications through the veins (IV sets), for protective purposes (mackintosh, gloves, boots) and for therapeutic purposes (ice bag, hot water bottles). Etc.
- 9. CATHETER Foly catheter Theseare rubber tubing used to empty the content of the bladder. Types: Basically there are of different types, shapes and sizes. 1) One way up to three way catheters 2) There are also metal catheters 3) Plain rubber catheter 4) Foley catheter 5) Flatus tube. 6) Malecot’s catheter. Sizes: 6,8,10,12,14,16,18, and 20 fr CATHETER, RECTAL TUBES AND STOMACH WASH TUBE
- 10. CATHETERS ONE WAY CATHETERTWO WAY CATHETER THREE WAY CATHETER
- 11. FUNCTIONS METHODS OFSTERILIZATION To empty the content of the bladder quickly during an emergency surgery To empty the bladder in care of retention of urine Used when patient fails to pass urine by herself For continuous drainage of the bladder. To monitor urine output following major surgery, open prostatectomy, urethroplasty, cystostomy. Rubber tubes are mostly single use items, but some could be sterilized e.g suction tube etc This include: Boiling Sucking in antiseptic solution Washing the tube carefully and allowing water to flow through the hollow of the tube. CATHETER, RECTAL TUBES AND STOMACH WASH TUBE
- 12. FLATUS TUBE Description: These arerubber tube with a conical base and the rounded tip. Flatus tube is inserted with the help of a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscpe. The tube may be left in situ for 48 hours to allow for complete emptying of the loop and for the resolution of mural oedema. The tube should not be left for more than 72 hours as it may cause pressure necrosis. Function: The flatus tube is used to relieve gaseous distension of large intestinee due to paralytic ileus. It is as well used in the treatment of sigmoid volvulus Treatment intussusceptions Used for barium enema procedure. N.B: other names Colon tube, rectal tube and rectal catheter.
- 13. STOMACH WASH TUBE INFUSIONOR TRANSFUSION TUBE (SET). STOMACH WASH TUBE INFUSION OR TRANSFUSION TUBE (SET).
- 14. MACKINTOSH HOT WATERBOTTLE MACKINTOSH AND HOT WATER BOTTLE
- 15. AIR CUSHION, GLOVES,CLIPS, ICE BAG AND BOOTS GLOVES AIR CUSHION OR FOAM RING CORD CLAMP
- 16. OTHER RUBBER ITEMSINCLUDES NASOGASTRIC TUBE
- 17. PAP SMEAR BRUSHAND SPATULA
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- 20. COTTON TIPAPPLICATOR STICKFOR SWABING
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- 32. CUTTING AND DISSECTINGINSTRUMENTS Description: Cutting instruments have sharp edges. They are used to dissect, incise, separate, or excise tissue. Most instrument sets include: knife handles #3, #4 and #7 Blade, Scissors curved mayo, Metz and tenotomy. Dressing Forceps The function of these instruments is to divide tissues, sutures, bandages, etc.
- 33. cutting and dissecting instruments Thisinstruments are ; - precisely designed and manufactured tools. - for single use (disposable) or multiple use (non-disposable), - must be able to resisted physical and chemical effects, body fluids, secretions, cleaning agents and sterilization For this reason, most of them are made of high- quality stainless steel; chromium and vanadium alloys to ensure the durability of edges, springiness and resistance to corrosion.
- 34. DESCRIPTION MAYOR SCISSORS Blades ofscissors may be straight, angled, or curved Tips may be pointed or blunt, handles may be long or short. Should be used only for their intended purpose SCISSORS
- 35. SCISSORS EPISOTOMY SCISSORS OR BANDAGE SCISSORS SUTUREREMOVAL SCISSORS
- 36. CURVED SCISSORS SCISSORS Both bladetips are blunt Can be curved or straight FUNCTION To cut suture material To make episotomy Used to cut tissues during surgery. To cut bandages or gauze piece METHOD OF STERILAZATION Washing Sucking in antiseptic solution Boiling in sterilizer
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- 45. CONVENTIONAL SCALPEL HANDLEAND DETACHABLE BLADE PENCIL-HOLDING
- 46. DISSECTING INSTRUMENTS This types offorceps are used during surgeries, for dressing and picking up pieces of sterile items such as gauze, sutures and surgical blades as well as to hold tissues, to clamp vessels and organs. TYPES: Straight Curved Toothed Non toothed
- 47. THE NON TOOTHEDDISSECTING FORCEPS The non toothed : This type of forceps are used to grasp soft tissues. It could be curved or straigth They are mostly made of metal wares. They may be sterilized to be reuse lateror may be single use item.
- 48. GRASPING, CLAMPING ANDOCCLUDING INSTRUMENTS DESCRIPTION: These istruments are used to grasp, pick up, hold and manipulate tissues, tools and materials.
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- 50. Forceps should beheld like a pencil! Forceps must never be held in the palm!!!!!!
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- 52. HEMOSTATIC INSTRUMENTS These instrumentsare used to establishing hemostasis during operation or to clamp blood vessels.
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- 55. NEEDLE HOLDERS Mathieu needleholder Hegar needle holder
- 56. TOOTHED FORCEPS Toothed forcepscan either be curved or straight The are mostly used to grasp though tissues and to rupture membranes. The are reusable and are sterilized before use by washing, autoclaving , boiling and are sometimes sucked in antiseptic solution. The includes the following:
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- 58. ALLIS FORCEP Allis forcepsare toothed. The are used to grasp though tissues and as well rupture membrane
- 59. BABCOCK FORCEP Babcock forcepsare used during surgery to clamp the gallbladder
- 60. SPONGE HOLDING FORCEP Itis used to clean areas to be operated on as well used to carry out procedure like perineal care and occasionally used as a clamp
- 62. TRANSFER FORCEP When sterile,transfer forceps; arrange items on sterile tray transfer items to sterile fieldWhen sterile, transfer forceps; arrange items on sterile tray transfer items to sterile field For sterile transfer of Forceps arrange items on sterile tray transfer items to sterile field. Etc.
- 63. CURVED MOSQUITO HEMOSTAT Usedto hold delicate tissue Used to compress bleeding vessels Jaws are fully serrated
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- 65. HOOK RETRACTOR Flat endis a blunt retractor. Three-prong end may be sharp to dull. Used to retract small incisions or secure a skin edge for suturing.
- 66. STITCH REMOVAL SCISSORS Usedto remove sutures Blade has beak or hook to slide under sutures
- 67. EAR CURETTE Can havesharp or blunt scraper ends Used to remove ear wax from ear canal
- 68. NASAL SPECULUM Used tospread nostrils during examination
- 69. VAGINAL SPECULUM Usedduring gynecological exam or procedure Dilates the opening of the vaginal cavity, allowing for inspection of the vagina and cervix Facilitates access for observation and treatment
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- 72. Obs & GynaeInstruments
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- 74. SIM’S SPECULUM Alsocalled the duck-bill speculum Used the retract the vaginal wall, usually the posterior wall Either double ended or single ended If double ended, each end is of different sizes 26 & 31 mm, 31 & 36 mm, 36 & 41 mm Blades are rounded and atraumatic The handle is slightly concave to collect drained blood and secretions
- 75. CUSCO’S SPECULUM Indications Cervicaland vaginal inspection Perform Pap smear, Cervical Biopsy, Colposcopy, Colpomicroscopy
- 76. HEGAR DILATOR Doubleended with difference of 1 mm between the ends Indications D & C Manchester/Fothergill’s procedure Hysteroscopic procedures Drain uterine fluids Palmer’s test for incompetent os Shirodkar’s test for incompetent os
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- 78. Doyen’s Retractor Usedfor retraction of abdominals wall Used for retraction of bladder during CS and hysterectomy Broad retracting surface achieves good retraction Decreases blood loss by compression Indications CS Laparotomy Prolapse repair Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) repair surgeries
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- 81. Simpson’s Perforator 28.5cm long Blades with triangular tips and outer cutting edge Blades are locked with a locking system Flat spring is present between the handles for bringing the blades back into their original place. Indications Craniotomy Fetal evisceration of thorax/abdomen
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- 83. Vulsellum Indications Holdthe anterior lip of cervix in D & E / S & E Manchester repair Colpotomy Etc.
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- 85. Karman’s Cannula Indications For Suction Evacuation, MVA
- 86. INTESTINAL CLAMP (KLAMMER) Klammer (intestinal clamp) used mostly during surgery to clamp the intestine.
- 87. Use of ring-endedinstruments with right and left hands instrument-holding
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- 90. RETRACTING AND EXPOSINGINSTRUMENTS These instruments are used to hold tissues and organs in order to improve the exposure and hence the visibility and accessibility of the surgical field.
- 91. RETRACTING AND EXPOSINGINSTRUMENTS Hook Rake retractor Roux-retractor
- 92. French retractor Visceralretractor Abdominal wall retractor
- 93. Weilaner self-retractor Gossetself-retractor
- 94. T H ES E I N ST R U M E NT A N D S U R G I C AL M AT E R I A L S AR E U S E D D U R I N G T I S S U E C L O S U R E P R O C E D U R E S . WOUND-CLOSING INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS
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- 96. - Double thread(traumatisation) - Lace time - Re-sterilisation - Care of needle-tip - Corrosion Conventional needles Closed eyed French-eyed
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- 99. Clips Self-adhesive strips Surgicaladhesives
- 100. SUCKER SYSTEM These instrumentsare not used routinely. The are used to suction fluids and secretions during certain procedures.
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