Basics of Public Administration and philippines

POLITICAL SCIENCE
POLITICAL SCIENCE: the systematic
: the systematic
study of the state and the
study of the state and the
government
government
POLITICAL
POLITICAL: comes from the Greek word
: comes from the Greek word
“polis” which means a “city” or “state”
“polis” which means a “city” or “state”
SCIENCE
SCIENCE: comes from the Latin word
: comes from the Latin word
“scire” which means “to know”
“scire” which means “to know”

SCOPE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
1.
1. POLITICAL THEORY – body of doctrines relating
POLITICAL THEORY – body of doctrines relating
to the origin, form, behavior and purposes of
to the origin, form, behavior and purposes of
the state.
the state.
2.
2. PUBLIC LAW – organization of the government
PUBLIC LAW – organization of the government
and its powers and duties; limitation upon
and its powers and duties; limitation upon
government authority.
government authority.
3.
3. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION – methods and
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION – methods and
techniques used in the actual management of
techniques used in the actual management of
state affairs.
state affairs.

IMPORTANCE OF
IMPORTANCE OF
POLITICAL SCIENCE
POLITICAL SCIENCE
1.
1. To discover the principles that should be
To discover the principles that should be
adhered to in public affairs and to study the
adhered to in public affairs and to study the
operations of the government.
operations of the government.
2.
2. Its findings can be used in seeking resolutions
Its findings can be used in seeking resolutions
to immediate situations.
to immediate situations.
3.
3. To be able to deal with social and economic
To be able to deal with social and economic
problems and other matters of public and
problems and other matters of public and
private concerns.
private concerns.

CONCEPT OF STATE
CONCEPT OF STATE
A
A community of persons
community of persons more or less
more or less
numerous,
numerous, permanently occupying a
permanently occupying a
definite portion of territory
definite portion of territory, having a
, having a
government
government of their own, to which the
of their own, to which the
great body of inhabitants render
great body of inhabitants render
obedience and enjoying
obedience and enjoying freedom from
freedom from
external control
external control.
.

ELEMENTS OF THE STATE
1. People – the inhabitants or mass population
living within the state.
2. Territory – the fixed portion of the surface of
the earth inhabited by the people of the state.
3. Government – the agency through which the
will of the state is expressed and carried out.
4. Sovereignty – the supreme power of the
state to command and enforce obedience to
its will from people and to have freedom from
foreign control.

STATE
STATE
 legal/political concept
legal/political concept
 one state may consist
one state may consist
of one or more nations
of one or more nations
NATION
NATION
 ethnic concept
 one nation may be
made up of several
states

STATE
STATE
 principal
principal
 abstraction
abstraction
 cannot exist without
cannot exist without
the government
the government
 cannot be changed so
cannot be changed so
long as the elements
long as the elements
are present
are present
GOVERNMENT
 agent
 externalize the will of
the state
 can exist without a
state
 can be changed

FORMS of GOVERNMENT
FORMS of GOVERNMENT
As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers
As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers
1.
1. Monarchy
Monarchy – one in which the supreme and
– one in which the supreme and
final authority is in the hands of a single
final authority is in the hands of a single
person.
person.
2.
2. Aristocracy
Aristocracy – one in which political power is
– one in which political power is
exercised by a few privileged class
exercised by a few privileged class
3.
3. Democracy
Democracy – one in which political power is
– one in which political power is
exercised by a majority of people.
exercised by a majority of people.

As to extent of powers by the central government
As to extent of powers by the central government
1.
1. Unitary government
Unitary government – one in which the
– one in which the
control of national and local affairs is exercised
control of national and local affairs is exercised
by the central or national government.
by the central or national government.
2.
2. Federal government
Federal government – one in which the
– one in which the
powers of government are divided between
powers of government are divided between
two sets of organs, one for national affairs and
two sets of organs, one for national affairs and
the other for local affairs.
the other for local affairs.

As to relationship between the executive and the
As to relationship between the executive and the
legislative branches of the government
legislative branches of the government
1.
1. Parliamentary government
Parliamentary government – one in which
– one in which
the state confers upon the legislature the
the state confers upon the legislature the
power to terminate the tenure of office of
power to terminate the tenure of office of
the real executive.
the real executive.
2.
2. Presidential government
Presidential government – one in which
– one in which
the state makes the executive independent
the state makes the executive independent
of the legislature as regards his tenure,
of the legislature as regards his tenure,
policies and acts.
policies and acts.

GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
of the
of the
PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINES
in
in
TRANSITION
TRANSITION

PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
Barangay
Barangay
Datu
Datu
Social classes
Social classes
Early laws
Early laws

SPANISH PERIOD
SPANISH PERIOD
Ferdinand Magellan (1521)
Ferdinand Magellan (1521)
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1566)
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1566)
Katipunan government (1892)
Katipunan government (1892)
Biak na Bato Republic (1897)
Biak na Bato Republic (1897)
Dictatorial government (1898)
Dictatorial government (1898)
“
“Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite”
Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite”
Revolutionary government (1898)
Revolutionary government (1898)
First Philippine Republic (1898)
First Philippine Republic (1898)
“
“Malolos Constitution”
Malolos Constitution”

AMERICAN PERIOD
AMERICAN PERIOD
Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris
Military government (1898)
Military government (1898)
Civil government (1901)
Civil government (1901)
Commonwealth government (1934)
Commonwealth government (1934)
“
“Tydings Mc Duffie Law”
Tydings Mc Duffie Law”

JAPANESE PERIOD
JAPANESE PERIOD
Japanese Military Administration (1942)
Japanese Military Administration (1942)
The Philippine Executive Commission
The Philippine Executive Commission
The Japanese-sponsored Republic of the
The Japanese-sponsored Republic of the
Philippines (1943)
Philippines (1943)

The PROVISIONAL GOV’T. of 1986
The PROVISIONAL GOV’T. of 1986
1.
1. Revolutionary
Revolutionary
2.
2. De jure/de facto
De jure/de facto
3.
3. Constitutional
Constitutional
4.
4. Democratic
Democratic
5.
5. Powers
Powers
6.
6. Provisional Constitution
Provisional Constitution

CONSTITUTION
CONSTITUTION
is a written instrument by which the
is a written instrument by which the
fundamental powers of the government
fundamental powers of the government
are established, limited and defined by
are established, limited and defined by
which these powers are distributed
which these powers are distributed
among the several
among the several
departments/branches for the benefit
departments/branches for the benefit
of the people.
of the people.

NATURE & PURPOSE OF
NATURE & PURPOSE OF
CONSTITUTION
CONSTITUTION
1.
1. Supreme/Fundamental Law
Supreme/Fundamental Law
Constitution is binding on all
Constitution is binding on all
citizens and all organs of the government. It
citizens and all organs of the government. It
is the law to which all other laws must
is the law to which all other laws must
conform.
conform.
2.
2. Basic Framework
Basic Framework
Constitution is providing system to
Constitution is providing system to
the government; assigning powers and duties
the government; assigning powers and duties
to different government
to different government
departments/branches; protecting the rights
departments/branches; protecting the rights
of individuals against arbitrary actions of the
of individuals against arbitrary actions of the
government.
government.

Requisites of a
Requisites of a
good written constitution
good written constitution
As to form
As to form
1. Brief
2. Broad
3. Definite
As to contents
As to contents
1. Constitution of
government
2. Constitution of
liberty
3. Constitution of
sovereignty

CONSTITUTION
CONSTITUTION
 a legislation direct
a legislation direct
from the people
from the people
 merely states the
merely states the
general framework
general framework
of the law
of the law
 not merely to meet
not merely to meet
existing conditions
existing conditions
but to govern the
but to govern the
future
future
 the supreme or
the supreme or
fundamental law
fundamental law
STATUTE
 a legislation from the
people’s
representatives
 provides the details of
the subject it treats
 to meet existing
conditions only
 Law born-out from the
Constitution

CONSTITUTIONS
CONSTITUTIONS
OF THE
OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINES

Malolos Constitution
 September 15, 1898, Congress met in
September 15, 1898, Congress met in
Malolos, Bulacan and framed the
Malolos, Bulacan and framed the
 lasted only for a short period of time
lasted only for a short period of time
from January 23, 1899 to March 23,
from January 23, 1899 to March 23,
1901
1901

1935 Constitution
1935 Constitution
 March 24, 1934 – Pres. Roosevelt
March 24, 1934 – Pres. Roosevelt
authorized the calling of a constitutional
authorized the calling of a constitutional
convention to draft a constitution of the
convention to draft a constitution of the
Philippines
Philippines
 March 23, 1935 – Pres. Roosevelt
March 23, 1935 – Pres. Roosevelt
approved the Constitution.
approved the Constitution.
 May 14, 1935 – Filipinos ratified the
May 14, 1935 – Filipinos ratified the
Constitution
Constitution

1973 Constitution
1973 Constitution
 March 16, 1967 – Congress authorized the
March 16, 1967 – Congress authorized the
holding of a constitutional convention
holding of a constitutional convention
 June 1, 1971 – the convention started to
June 1, 1971 – the convention started to
rewrite the Constitution
rewrite the Constitution
 November 30, 1972 – the proposed
November 30, 1972 – the proposed
Constitution was signed
Constitution was signed
 September 21, 1972 – Pre. Marcos placed the
September 21, 1972 – Pre. Marcos placed the
entire country under martial law
entire country under martial law
 January 17, 1973 – Filipinos ratified the
January 17, 1973 – Filipinos ratified the
Constitution
Constitution

Freedom Constitution
Freedom Constitution
February 22-25, 1986 - 4 day people
February 22-25, 1986 - 4 day people
power revolt
power revolt
March 25, 1986 - Freedom Constitution
March 25, 1986 - Freedom Constitution
was promulgated
was promulgated

1987 Constitution
1987 Constitution
April 23, 1986 - Constitutional
April 23, 1986 - Constitutional
Commission was created to draft the
Commission was created to draft the
proposed Constitution
proposed Constitution
June 2, 1986 - the Constitutional
June 2, 1986 - the Constitutional
Commission convened
Commission convened
October 15, 1986 - draft of the
October 15, 1986 - draft of the
Constitution was finished
Constitution was finished
February 2, 1987 - the 1987 Constitution
February 2, 1987 - the 1987 Constitution
was ratified by the people on a plebiscite
was ratified by the people on a plebiscite

Basics of Public Administration and philippines

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