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BEAN ANTHRACNOSE
- 1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURALTECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 BEAN ANTHRACNOSE Submitted by Course teacher RAMYA.V Dr. Parthasarathy.S 2015021106 Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology)
- 2. HISTORY • Anthracnose ismainly a seed borne disease caused by a fungus which has a wide host range on many legume species. • In 1921, M. F. Barrus of Cornell University demonstrated that bean anthracnose is seedborne.
- 3. OCCURENCE AND DISTRIBUTION •Anthracnose was first described from plant specimens obtained in Germany in 1875. • Later it was spread throughout the world. • It has been reported in USA, European countries, Canada, Africa, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia and D.R. Congo.
- 4. HOST RANGE • Limabean. • Scarlet runner beans. • Mung bean. • Cow pea and black gram. • Broad bean. • Soybean and pea.
- 5. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE • Theintensity of this disease ranges from 2 to 100%. • Greatly affect the yield, seed quality and marketability of the crop. • The disease causes greater losses in North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Australia, Asia, Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia.
- 6. SYMPTOMS • Leaves, stemsand pods of bean plants are susceptible to infection. • Small reddish-brown, slightly sunken spots form on the pods and rapidly develop into large, dark-sunken lesions.
- 7. • In moistweather, masses of pink spores develops on the lesions. • Infection of the leaves causes blackening along the veins particularly on the under surface.
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- 11. SYSTEMATIC POSITION Kingdom :Fungi Phylum : Ascomycota Class : Sordaiomycetes Sub class : Incertae sedis Order : Phyllachorales Family : Phyllachoraceae Genus : Colletotrichum Species : C. lindemuthianum
- 12. CAUSAL ORGANISM • Asexualstage : Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. • Sexual stage : Glomerella cingulata. • The fungus produced hyaline, single celled, oblong, sickle shaped conidia.
- 13. MODE OF SPREAD •Primary spread : Contaminated seed and crop debris. • Secondary spread : Rain splash and wind.
- 14. FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS • Temperature– 13-26° C. • Relative Humidity – 92%. • Moderate rainfall.
- 15. CULTURAL MANAGEMENT • Removalof infected plant debris. • Using diseased free seeds. • Crop rotation with non host crops like cereals and solanaceous crops. • Giving adequate plant spacing. • Avoid overhead irrigation.
- 16. CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT • Seedtreatment with Mancozeb @ 3g/kg. • Carbendazim foliar spray @ 0.5 kg/ha have been suggested to reduce anthracnose severity and incidence. • Difenoconazole 87.5g/ha effectively reduce this disease.
- 17. PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT • Practicingsoil solarization for one month before sowing resulted in the reduction of both severity and incidence. • Hot water seed treating by soaking at 64 to 74ºC for 15 hrs has been reported to kill the fungus in infested seeds without reducing germination.
- 18. BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT • Applicationof Trichoderma viride as seed dipping and soil drenching was effective against this pathogen. • Neem seed extract effectively inhibited both germination of conidia and mycelial growth. • Lawsonia inermis seed treatment significantly improved seedling emergence.
- 19. REFERENCES • www.researchgate.com • www.sciencedirect.com •https://www.gardeningknowhow.com • www.moaf.gov.bt