Being Ready for Apache Kafka - Apache: Big Data Europe 2015
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The document presents an overview of Apache Kafka, highlighting its role as a high-throughput distributed messaging system essential for large-scale data applications. It details upcoming improvements in Kafka 0.9.0, including better client support, data import/export capabilities via Copycat, and the introduction of Kafka Streams for data processing. The document emphasizes the importance of schemas for data contracts and outlines Kafka’s diverse use cases across industries.
![Confluent Kafka-REST
• Open source, included in Confluent Platform
https://github.com/confluentinc/kafka-rest/
• Alternative to native clients
• Supports reading and writing data, status info, Avro, etc.
32
# Get a list of topics
$ curl "http://rest-proxy:8082/topics"
[ { "name":"userProfiles", "num_partitions": 3 },
{ "name":"locationUpdates", "num_partitions": 1 } ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/apachebigdata-beingreadyforapachekafka-final-150929150041-lva1-app6892/85/Being-Ready-for-Apache-Kafka-Apache-Big-Data-Europe-2015-32-320.jpg)
![49
Some people, when confronted with a
problem to process data in Kafka, think
“I know, I’ll use [ Storm | Spark | … ].”
Now they have two problems.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/apachebigdata-beingreadyforapachekafka-final-150929150041-lva1-app6892/85/Being-Ready-for-Apache-Kafka-Apache-Big-Data-Europe-2015-49-320.jpg)
Being Ready for Apache Kafka - Apache: Big Data Europe 2015
- 1. Being Ready for Apache Kafka: Today’s Ecosystem and Future Roadmap Michael G. Noll @miguno Developer Evangelist, Confluent Inc. 1Apache: Big Data Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 29, 2015
- 2. Developer Evangelist at Confluent since August ‘15 Previously Big Data lead at .COM/.NET DNS operator Verisign Blogging at http://www.michael-noll.com/ (too little time!) PMC member of Apache Storm (too little time!) [email protected] 2
- 3. Founded in Fall 2014 by the creators of Apache Kafka Headquartered in San Francisco bay area We provide a stream data platform based on Kafka We contribute a lot to Kafka, obviously 3
- 4. 4 ?
- 5. 5 Apache Kafka is the distributed, durable equivalent of Unix pipes. Use it to connect and compose your large-scale data apps. this this $ cat < in.txt | grep “apache” | tr a-z A-Z > out.txt
- 6. Example: LinkedIn before Kafka 6
- 7. Example: LinkedIn after Kafka 7 DB DB DB Logs Sensors Log search Monitoring Security RT analytics Filter Transform Aggregate Data Warehouse Hadoop HDFS
- 8. 8 Apache Kafka is a high-throughput distributed messaging system. “1,100,000,000,000 msg/day, totaling 175+ TB/day” (LinkedIn) = 3 billion messages since the beginning of this talk
- 9. 9 Apache Kafka is a publish-subscribe messaging rethought as a distributed commit log. Broker Kafka Cluster Broker Broker Broker Broker Broker Broker Broker Broker Producer Producer Producer Producer Producer Producer Producer Producer Producer Producer Producer Consumer Producer Producer Consumer Producer Producer Consumer ZooKeeper
- 10. 10 Apache Kafka is a publish-subscribe messaging rethought as a distributed commit log. Topic, e.g. “user_clicks” NewestOldest P P CC
- 11. So where can Kafka help me? Example, anyone? 11
- 12. 12
- 13. 13 YOU Why is Kafka a great fit here? Scalable Writes Scalable Reads Low latency Time machine Example: Protecting your infrastructure against DDoS attacks
- 14. Kafka powers many use cases • User behavior, click stream analysis • Infrastructure monitoring and security, e.g. DDoS detection • Fraud detection • Operational telemetry data from mobile devices and sensors • Analyzing system and app logging data • Internet of Things (IoT) applications • …and many more • Yours is missing? Let me know via [email protected] ! 14
- 15. 15https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Powered+By Diverse and rapidly growing user base across many industries and verticals.
- 16. A typical Kafka architecture Yes, we now begin to approach “production” 16
- 17. 17
- 18. Typical architecture => typical questions 18 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Question 1
- 20. Kafka core Question 1 or “What are the upcoming improvements to core Kafka?” 20 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Kafka Cluster Question 1
- 21. Kafka core: upcoming changes in 0.9.0 • Kafka 0.9.0 (formerly 0.8.3) expected in November 2015 • ZooKeeper now only required for Kafka brokers • ZK dependency removed from clients = producers and consumers • Benefits include less load on ZK, lower operational complexity, user apps don’t require interacting with ZK anymore • New, unified consumer Java API • We consolidated the previous “high-level” and “simple” consumer APIs • Old APIs still available and not deprecated (yet) 21
- 22. New consumer Java API in 0.9.0 22 Configure Subscribe Process
- 23. Kafka core: upcoming changes in 0.9.0 • Improved data import/export via Copycat • KIP-26: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=58851767 • Will talk about this later • Improved security: SSL support for encrypted data transfer • Yay, finally make your InfoSec team (a bit) happier! • https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Deploying+SSL+for+Kafka • Improved multi-tenancy: quotas aka throttling for Ps and Cs • KIP-13: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-13+-+Quotas • Quotas are defined per broker, will slow down clients if needed • Reduces collateral damage caused by misbehaving apps/teams 23
- 24. Kafka operations Question 2 or “How do I deploy, manage, monitor, etc. my Kafka clusters?” 24 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Question 1
- 25. Deploying Kafka • Hardware recommendations, configuration settings, etc. • http://docs.confluent.io/current/kafka/deployment.html • http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#hwandos • Deploying Kafka itself = DIY at the moment • Packages for Debian and RHEL OS families available via Confluent Platform • http://www.confluent.io/developer • Straight-forward to use orchestration tools like Puppet, Ansible • Also: options for Docker, Mesos, YARN, … 25
- 26. Managing Kafka: CLI tools • Kafka includes a plethora of CLI tools • Managing topics, controlling replication, status of clients, … • Can be tricky to understand which tool to use, when, and how • Helpful pointers: • https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/System+Tools • https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Replication+tools • KIP-4 will eventually add better management APIs 26
- 27. Monitoring Kafka: metrics • How to monitor • Usual tools like Graphite, InfluxDB, statsd, Grafana, collectd, diamond • What to monitor – some key metrics • Host metrics: CPU, memory, disk I/O and usage, network I/O • Kafka metrics: consumer lag, replication stats, message latency, Java GC • ZooKeeper metrics: latency of requests, #outstanding requests • Kafka exposes many built-in metrics via JMX • Use e.g. jmxtrans to feed these metrics into Graphite, statsd, etc. 27
- 28. Monitoring Kafka: logging • You can expect lots of logging data for larger Kafka clusters • Centralized logging services help significantly • You have one already, right? • Elasticsearch/Kibana, Splunk, Loggly, … • Further information about operations and monitoring at: • http://docs.confluent.io/current/kafka/monitoring.html • https://www.slideshare.net/miguno/apache-kafka-08-basic-training- verisign 28
- 29. Kafka clients #1 Questions 3+4 or “How can my apps talk to Kafka?” 29 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Question 1
- 30. Recommended* Kafka clients as of today 30 Language Name Link Java <built-in> http://kafka.apache.org/ C/C++ librdkafka http://github.com/edenhill/librdkafka Python kafka-python https://github.com/mumrah/kafka-python Go sarama https://github.com/Shopify/sarama Node kafka-node https://github.com/SOHU-Co/kafka-node/ Scala reactive kafka https://github.com/softwaremill/reactive-kafka … … … *Opinionated! Full list at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Clients
- 31. Kafka clients: upcoming improvements • Current problem: only Java client is officially supported • A lot of effort and duplication for client maintainers to be compatible with Kafka changes over time (e.g. protocol, ZK for offset management) • Wait time for users until “their” client library is ready for latest Kafka • Idea: use librdkafka (C) as the basis for Kafka clients and provide bindings + idiomatic APIs per target language • Benefits include: • Full protocol support, SSL, etc. needs to be implemented only once • All languages will benefit from the speed of the C implementation • Of course you are always free to pick your favorite client! 31
- 32. Confluent Kafka-REST • Open source, included in Confluent Platform https://github.com/confluentinc/kafka-rest/ • Alternative to native clients • Supports reading and writing data, status info, Avro, etc. 32 # Get a list of topics $ curl "http://rest-proxy:8082/topics" [ { "name":"userProfiles", "num_partitions": 3 }, { "name":"locationUpdates", "num_partitions": 1 } ]
- 33. Kafka clients #2 Questions 3+4 or “How can my systems talk to Kafka?” 33 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Question 1
- 34. 34 ? ?
- 35. Data import/export: status quo • Until now this has been your problem to solve • Only few tools available, e.g. LinkedIn Camus for Kafka HDFS export • Typically a DIY solution using the aforementioned client libs • Kafka 0.9.0 will introduce Copycat 35
- 36. 36 Copycat is the I/O redirection in your Unix pipelines. Use it to get your data into and out of Kafka. $ cat < in.txt | grep “apache” | tr a-z A-Z > out.txt this this
- 37. Data import/export via Copycat • Copycat is included in upcoming Kafka 0.9.0 • Federated Copycat “connector” development for e.g. HDFS, JDBC • Light-weight, scales from simple testing and one-off jobs to large-scale production scenarios serving an entire organization • Process management agnostic, hence flexible deployment options • Examples: Standalone, YARN, Mesos, or your own (e.g. Puppet w/ supervisord) 37 Copycat Copycat <whatever> <whatever>
- 38. Data and schemas Question 5 or “Je te comprends pas” 38 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Question 1
- 39. 39
- 40. 40
- 41. Data and schemas • Agree on contracts for data just like you do for, say, APIs • Producers and consumers of data must understand each other • Free-for-alls typically degenerate quickly into team deathmatches • Benefit from clear contract, schema evolution, type safety, etc. • Organizational problem rather than technical • Hilarious /facepalm moments • Been there, done that • Take a look at Apache Avro, Thrift, Protocol Buffers • Cf. Avro homepage, https://github.com/miguno/avro-hadoop-starter 41
- 43. 43 Example: Avro schema for tweets username text timestamp
- 44. 44 “Tweet” = <definition> “UserProfile” = <definition> “Alert” = <definition> <data> = <definition> <data> = <definition> <data> = <definition> <data> = <definition> <data> = <definition>
- 45. Schema registry • Stores and retrieves your schemas • Cornerstone for building resilient data pipelines • Viable registry implementation missing until recently • AVRO-1124 (2012-2014) • So everyone started to roll their own schema registry • Again: been there, done that • There must be a better way, right? 45
- 46. Confluent Schema Registry • Open source, included in Confluent Platform https://github.com/confluentinc/schema-registry/ • REST API to store and retrieve schemas etc. • Integrates with Kafka clients, Kafka REST, Camus, ... • Can enforce policies for your data, e.g. backwards compatibility • Still not convinced you need a schema registry? • http://www.confluent.io/blog/schema-registry-kafka-stream-processing- yes-virginia-you-really-need-one 46 # List all schema versions registered for topic "foo" $ curl -X GET -i http://registry:8081/subjects/foo/versions
- 47. Stream processing Question 6 or “How do I actually process my data in Kafka?” 47 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Question 1
- 48. Stream processing • Currently three main options • Storm: arguably powering the majority of production deployments • Spark Streaming: runner-up, but gaining momentum due to “main” Spark • DIY: write your own using Kafka client libs, typically with a narrower focus 48
- 49. 49 Some people, when confronted with a problem to process data in Kafka, think “I know, I’ll use [ Storm | Spark | … ].” Now they have two problems.
- 50. Stream processing • Currently three main options • Storm: arguably powering the majority of production deployments • Spark Streaming: runner-up, but gaining momentum due to “main” Spark • DIY: write your own using Kafka client libs, typically with a narrower focus • Kafka 0.9.0 will introduce Kafka Streams 50 Four!
- 51. 51 Kafka Streams is the commands in your Unix pipelines. Use it to transform data stored in Kafka. this this $ cat < in.txt | grep “apache” | tr a-z A-Z > out.txt
- 52. Kafka Streams • Kafka Streams included in Kafka 0.9.0 • KIP-28: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-28+-+Add+a+processor+client • No need to run another framework like Storm alongside Kafka • No need for separate infrastructure and trainings either • Library rather than framework • Won’t dictate your deployment, configuration management, packaging, … • Use it like you’d use Apache Commons, Google Guava, etc. • Easier to integrate with your existing apps and services • 100% compatible with Kafka by definition 52
- 53. Kafka Streams • Initial version will support • Low-level API as well as higher-level API for Java 7+ • Operations such as join/filter/map/… • Windowing • Proper time modeling, e.g. event time vs. processing time • Local state management with persistence and replication • Schema and Avro support • And more to come – details will be shared over the next weeks! 53
- 54. 54 Example of higher-level API (much nicer with Java 8 and lambdas) map() filter()
- 55. Phew, we made it! 55 Apps that write to it Source systems Apps that read from it Destination systems Question 3 Question 4 Data and schemas Question 5 Operations Question 2 Question 6a Question 6b Question 1
- 56. 56 Kafka $ cat < in.txt | grep “apache” | tr a-z A-Z > out.txt Kafka StreamsCopycat
- 57. Want to contribute to Kafka and open source? 57 Join the Kafka community http://kafka.apache.org/ …in a great team with the creators of Kafka and also getting paid for it? Confluent is hiring http://confluent.io/ Questions, comments? Tweet with #ApacheBigData and /cc to @ConfluentInc
Editor's Notes
- #5: Audience check: Who has used Kafka before? In production? Happy with it?
- #8: Among many other things Kafka allows you to decouple and simplify your architecture.
- #14: Writes: Kafka is able to collect large volumes of data. Reads: Kafka supports many downstream consumers because of its great fan-out performance. Different apps, algorithms, teams can collaborate to defend DDoS attacks. Low latency: Kafka allows downstream applications to analyze this data in real-time. For DDoS attacks fast reaction time is crucial to minimize damage. Time machine: Kafka retains your data for days, weeks, or more. You can rewind in time to e.g. perform A/B tests, rectify miscomputation caused by bugs in your apps, etc. For DDoS attacks this helps to optimize algorithms to minimize false positives, which cause collateral damage.
- #15: Kafka is an infrastructure tool which is why it's widely applicable. It uses a very specific data model to achieve high performance, but otherwise is very generic.
- #18: Given the scope and time limits of the talk we will focus on breadth, not depth. Feel free to find me after the talk or reach out via email or Twitter if you have questions that weren’t answered in the talk!
- #20: We’ll cover many things and areas in the next slides. But don’t let this mislead you – Kafka is actually one of the most easiest Big Data tools to get started with and to operate in production. For example, in my experience you are significantly more likely to run into problems with any stream processing tools that integrate with Kafka, such as Storm or Spark Streaming.
- #24: We’ll talk about Kafka Streams later.
- #35: If you think the consensus problem in distributed systems is hard…
- #38: Process and resource management is orthogonal to Copycat's runtime model. The framework is not responsible for starting/stopping/restarting processes and can be used with any process management strategy, including YARN, Mesos, Kubernetes, or none if you prefer to manage processes manually or through other orchestration tools. Copycat supports standalone mode. You could very easily use this to deliver logs to Kafka using standalone mode instances on all your servers.
- #40: If you think the consensus problem in distributed systems is hard…
- #41: If you think the consensus problem in distributed systems is hard…
- #43: The alternative to schemas: meetings between teams, tribal knowledge, … = the opposite of being agile and fast
- #55: Similar to Java API of Spark Streaming.