BLI Research on Small CellsImran AshrafApril 2010Davide CherubiniBell Labs IrelandNetworks & Networking Group
Spectrally Efficient Cellular NetworksHeterogeneous network deploymentFemtocell overlay on the GSM macrocell networkLocalized coverage through femtocells – high data ratesPartial re-use of macrocell GSM frequenciesFemtocells perform sensing for unused GSM spectrum by macrocellsThe vacant spectrum is opportunistically used by femtocells with tight interference constraints on the macrocell networkCapacity increase for femtocells with minor impact on the macrocell network2| July 2010 Mbps
Green Cellular NetworksTotal Consumption = 12 WTotal Consumption = 7.3 WPower Amplifier(2 Watts)Power Amplifier(0 Watt)Power Source (85 % efficiency)Power Source (85 % efficiency)Microprocessor(RF On)(3.7 Watts)Microprocessor (RF Off)(2.7 Watts)FPGA/Other Circuitry(4.5 Watts)FPGA/Other Circuitry(3.5 Watts)SLEEP ModeACTIVE ModeUse of low-power small cells to off-load macrocell traffic
Network energy consumption increases in dependency of the scale of small cell  deployment
Energy-Efficient algorithms for small cellsCoverage-aware Switch-offsDetect existing spatial coverage and switch-off base stationsTraffic-aware Sleep modesDetect UE activity via carrier sniffing and temporarily switch-off idle small cellsEnergy consumption follows the traffic3| July 2010
Network Power Savings using Sleep ModesNetwork energy consumptionfor operator with 40% market share (Future improved Technologies)Network energy consumption for operator with 40% market share (Today)Higher macrocell efficiency97% of energy costs paid by end userHigher picocell efficiencyPicocell contribution increases linearlyPicocell contribution does not increase linearly anymore100% of energy costs paid by operator75% reduction in network power consumption4| July 2010
Future - Autonomous NetworksUEUEUENetworkNetworkNetworkNowFuturePastOngoing research is in hereObjectiveObjectiveModelObjectiveModelObjectiveModelAutomated Program Generation (offline)AlgorithmAlgorithmNetwork PlannersDesign stagemeasurementsmeasurementsmeasurementsModelAutomated Program Generation(online)Algorithmmeasurementsdrive testingBSBSBSBSThe algorithm generation process is now distributed and performed locally and continuously by the network nodes themselves. Nodes now have ability to autonomously specialise their individual behaviour according to environment.Algorithms are generated using automated means, (Genetic Programming). Design process is done offline, and resulting algorithm is implemented in the network. Algorithms for auto-configuration and self-optimisation are developed manually, and used to automate the network configuration and optimisation.Planning and optimisation is performed manually through network planning engineers and drive testing.5| July 2010
Wilson Street ProjectScopeDevelopment of a series of small cell demoshttp://www.wilson-street.com@Bell Labs IrelandFirst permanent small cells platform for research validation on real devices

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Bell Labs Ireland research on small cells [Davide Cherubini]

  • 1. BLI Research on Small CellsImran AshrafApril 2010Davide CherubiniBell Labs IrelandNetworks & Networking Group
  • 2. Spectrally Efficient Cellular NetworksHeterogeneous network deploymentFemtocell overlay on the GSM macrocell networkLocalized coverage through femtocells – high data ratesPartial re-use of macrocell GSM frequenciesFemtocells perform sensing for unused GSM spectrum by macrocellsThe vacant spectrum is opportunistically used by femtocells with tight interference constraints on the macrocell networkCapacity increase for femtocells with minor impact on the macrocell network2| July 2010 Mbps
  • 3. Green Cellular NetworksTotal Consumption = 12 WTotal Consumption = 7.3 WPower Amplifier(2 Watts)Power Amplifier(0 Watt)Power Source (85 % efficiency)Power Source (85 % efficiency)Microprocessor(RF On)(3.7 Watts)Microprocessor (RF Off)(2.7 Watts)FPGA/Other Circuitry(4.5 Watts)FPGA/Other Circuitry(3.5 Watts)SLEEP ModeACTIVE ModeUse of low-power small cells to off-load macrocell traffic
  • 4. Network energy consumption increases in dependency of the scale of small cell deployment
  • 5. Energy-Efficient algorithms for small cellsCoverage-aware Switch-offsDetect existing spatial coverage and switch-off base stationsTraffic-aware Sleep modesDetect UE activity via carrier sniffing and temporarily switch-off idle small cellsEnergy consumption follows the traffic3| July 2010
  • 6. Network Power Savings using Sleep ModesNetwork energy consumptionfor operator with 40% market share (Future improved Technologies)Network energy consumption for operator with 40% market share (Today)Higher macrocell efficiency97% of energy costs paid by end userHigher picocell efficiencyPicocell contribution increases linearlyPicocell contribution does not increase linearly anymore100% of energy costs paid by operator75% reduction in network power consumption4| July 2010
  • 7. Future - Autonomous NetworksUEUEUENetworkNetworkNetworkNowFuturePastOngoing research is in hereObjectiveObjectiveModelObjectiveModelObjectiveModelAutomated Program Generation (offline)AlgorithmAlgorithmNetwork PlannersDesign stagemeasurementsmeasurementsmeasurementsModelAutomated Program Generation(online)Algorithmmeasurementsdrive testingBSBSBSBSThe algorithm generation process is now distributed and performed locally and continuously by the network nodes themselves. Nodes now have ability to autonomously specialise their individual behaviour according to environment.Algorithms are generated using automated means, (Genetic Programming). Design process is done offline, and resulting algorithm is implemented in the network. Algorithms for auto-configuration and self-optimisation are developed manually, and used to automate the network configuration and optimisation.Planning and optimisation is performed manually through network planning engineers and drive testing.5| July 2010
  • 8. Wilson Street ProjectScopeDevelopment of a series of small cell demoshttp://www.wilson-street.com@Bell Labs IrelandFirst permanent small cells platform for research validation on real devices
  • 9. indoor open service cells
  • 11. looking at the future!6| July 2010
  • 12. WirelessLab SIG EventsJoin WirelessLab’s Energy-Efficient Wireless Access NetworksSpecial Interest Group!For further information: www.wirelesslab.ieInterested in further discussions onenergy-efficient wireless communications?7| July 2010