BGP on mikrotik
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The document is a presentation from a webinar on BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) hosted by GLC Networks, featuring trainer Achmad Mardiansyah. It covers topics such as the definition of BGP, VLSM, CIDR, and the differences between internal and external BGP, along with specific instructions for implementing BGP on MikroTik routers. The document concludes with a demo and a Q&A session.
BGP on mikrotik
- 1. www.glcnetworks.com BGP on Mikrotik GLC webinar, 6 october 2016 Achmad Mardiansyah [email protected] GLC Networks, Indonesia
- 2. www.glcnetworks.com Agenda ● Introduction ● BGP ● BGP on mikrotik ● Demo ● Q & A 2
- 3. www.glcnetworks.com What is GLC? ● Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com) ● An Indonesian company ● Located in Bandung ● Areas: Training, IT Consulting ● Mikrotik Certified Training Partner ● Mikrotik Certified Consultant ● Mikrotik distributor 3
- 4. www.glcnetworks.com Trainer Introduction ● Name: Achmad Mardiansyah ● Base: bandung, Indonesia ● Linux user since ’99 ● Certified Trainer (MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE) ● Mikrotik Certified Consultant ● Work: Telco engineer, Sysadmin, PHP programmer, and Lecturer ● Personal website: http://achmad.glcnetworks.com ● More info: http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah 4
- 5. www.glcnetworks.com Please introduce yourself ● Your name ● Your company/university? ● Your networking experience? ● Your mikrotik experience? ● Your expectation from this course? 5
- 6. www.glcnetworks.com What is Mikrotik? ● Name of a company ● A brand ● A program (e.g. mikrotik academy) ● Headquarter: Riga, Latvia 6
- 7. www.glcnetworks.com What are mikrotik products? ● Router OS ○ The OS. Specialized for networking ○ Website: www.mikrotik.com/download ● RouterBoard ○ The hardware ○ RouterOS installed ○ Website: www.routerboard.com 7
- 8. www.glcnetworks.com What Router OS can do? ● Go to www.mikrotik.com ○ Download: what_is_routeros.pdf ○ Download: product catalog ○ Download: newsletter 8
- 9. www.glcnetworks.com What are Mikrotik training & certifications? 9 Certificate validity is 3 years
- 10. www.glcnetworks.com BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 10
- 11. www.glcnetworks.com What is BGP? ● Path Vector Protocol ● Incremental Updates ● Many options for policy enforcement ● Support VLSM ● Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR) ● Widely used for Internet backbone ● Connects Autonomous systems 11
- 12. www.glcnetworks.com What is VLSM? ● Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) ● Can divide an IP address block into subnets of different sizes using / (slash) notation ● Solution the in efficient of classful IP address (fixed length). No more class A, class B, Class C -> pleeease dont say this classes anymore ● making it possible to create subnets with very different host counts without wasting large numbers of addresses. ● RFC: 1878 (1995) ● Basis for CIDR ● Example: 23.45.0.0/16 ○ 23.45.0.0/25 ○ 23.45.0.128/25 12
- 14. www.glcnetworks.com What is CIDR? ● CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (sometimes is called supernetting) ● CIDR solves problem of wasted address spaceby providing a new and more flexible way to specify network addresses in routers (using slash as notation) ● allow flexible allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. ● Replaces classfull network (class A,B,C,D). Please dont ever mention this anymore... ● CIDR lets a routing table entry represent an aggregation of networks that exist in the forward path ● Each IP address has a network prefix that identifies either one or several network gateways. ● RFC: 1519 14
- 16. www.glcnetworks.com Path Vector Protocol ● BGP is classified as a path vector routing protocol (see RFC 1322) ● A path vector protocol defines a route as a pairing between a destination and the attributes of the path to that destination. ● See AS path below 16
- 17. www.glcnetworks.com Path vector protocol 17 Image source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
- 18. www.glcnetworks.com Definitions ● Transit - service provided by an ISP to carry other ISP/customer traffic to other network (internet). Usually is for commercial (paid service) ● Peering - 2 ISPs or more exchange traffic and routing information. Can be commercial or non commercial (gratis). Example: peering on IXP (Internet Exchange Point) ● Default - default route, sending traffic to default router of there is no explicit match on routing table 18
- 19. www.glcnetworks.com Peering and transit example (IIX vs openIXP?) 19 source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
- 20. www.glcnetworks.com Autonomous System (AS) ● Collection of networks with same routing policy ● Single routing protocol ● Usually under single ownership, trust and administrative control ● Identified by a unique 32-bit integer (ASN) 20 source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
- 21. www.glcnetworks.com BGP basics 21 source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
- 22. www.glcnetworks.com Building forwarding table for BGP 22 source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
- 23. www.glcnetworks.com eBGP & iBGP ● BGP is used ○ Internally, inside AS (iBGP - internal BGP) ○ Externally, between AS (eBGP - external BGP) ● iBGP is used to carry ○ Some/all Internet prefixes across ISP backbone ○ Prefixes from ISP customers ● eBGP is used to ○ Exchange prefixes with other ASes ○ Implement routing policy 23
- 24. www.glcnetworks.com eBGP & iBGP 24 source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au) IGP: interior Gateway Protocol. E.g. RIP, OSPF, IEGRP
- 25. www.glcnetworks.com External BGP Peering (eBGP) ● Between BGP speakers in different AS ● Should be directly connected ● Never run an IGP between eBGP peers 25 source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
- 26. www.glcnetworks.com Internal BGP (iBGP) ● BGP peer within the same AS ● Not required to be directly connected ○ IGP takes care of inter-BGP speaker connectivity ● iBGP speakers must be fully meshed: ○ They originate connected networks ○ They pass on prefixes learned from outside the ASN ○ They do not pass on prefixes learned from other iBGP speakers ● Recommended to do peer with loopback interface ● To avoid mesh peering: AS confederation, route reflector 26 source: philip smith, introduction to BGP (http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
- 35. www.glcnetworks.com End of slides ● Thank you for your attention ● Please submit your feedback: http://bit.ly/glcfeedback ● Like our facebook page: “GLC networks” ● Stay tune with our schedule 35