Bio medical waste management

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
by Parag R More

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Any waste which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or
animals or in research activities pertaining
there to or in the production or testing of
bio medicals.
Hazardous health care waste
 85% waste is non infectious
 10% are infectious
 5% are hazardous

HISTORY
 In the late 1980’s
 Items such as used syringes washed up on
several East Coast beaches USA
 HIV and HPV virus infection
 Lead to development of Biomedical Waste
Management Law in USA.
 However in India the seriousness about the
management came into lime light only after
1990’s.

GENERATION OF BMW
 Developed Countries- 1-5 kg/bed/day, with variations
among countries.
In India-
 1-2 kg/bed/day with variation among
Govt. and Private establishments.
 Approximately 506.74 tons/ day wastes generated
 Out of which only 57% waste undergoes proper
disposal

CLASSIFICATION OF BMW
 General Waste
 Pathological
 Radioactive
 Chemical
 Infectious to potentially infectious waste
 Sharps
 Pharmaceuticals
 Pressurized containers

CATEGORIES OF BMW
Non-Infectious
waste, 80%
Pathological
and Infectious
waste, 15%Chemical and
Pharmaceutical
waste, 3%
Sharps,
1%
Radioactive,
Cytotoxic and
heavy metals,
1%

EXPOSURE TO BMW
RESULTS IN…
1. Infection
2. Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
3. Chemical toxicity
4. Radioactivity hazards.
5. Physical injuries
6. Public sensitivity.

TYPES OF BMW
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology
Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste

SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE
WASTES
 Government/private hospitals
 Nursing homes
 Physician/dentist office or clinic
 Dispensaries
 Primary health care centers
 Medical research and training centers
 animal./slaughter houses
 labs/research organizations
 Vaccinating centers
 Bio tech institutions/production units

COLOUR CODING FOR
SEGREGATION OF BMW
COLOR WASTE TREATMENT
Yellow Human & Animal
anatomical waste /
Micro-biology waste
and soiled
cotton/dressings/lin
en/beddings etc.
Incineration / Deep
burial
Red Tubing, Catheters,
IV sets.
Autoclaving /
Microwaving /
Chemical treatment
Blue / White Waste sharps
( Needles, Syringes,
Scalpels, blades etc.
)
Autoclaving /
Microwaving /
Chemical treatment
& Destruction /
Shredding

BMW MANAGEMENT
PROCESS
 Waste collection
 Segregation
 Transportation and storage
 Treatment & Disposal
 Transport to final disposal site
 Final disposal

TREATMENT & DISPOSAL OF
BMW
1.
Incineration-burn trash and other types of
waste until it is reduced to ash.
2.
Autoclaving and Shredding -It uses a
combination of heat, steam and pressure.
3.
Chemical treatment-Using sodium
hypochlorite solution, bleaching powder,
savlon and then discharged into
drains/sewers
4.
Irradiation technique-Involve the expose to
UV radiation and ionizing radiation

PROBLEMS CAUSED DUE TO
IMPROPER MANAGEMENT OF
BMW
 Lack of segregation can cause mixing of BMW
with the other wastes.
 Environment Pollution.
 Mutiplication of vectors (rodents,insects,worms
etc) which causes severe diseses .
 Many diseases can be spread through
blood,water,etc which is infected.

REDUCTION OF BMW
 Source Reduction - ways to decrease the
amount of material
Segregation - keeping noninfectious
waste out of the infectious waste stream
Minimization - reduce or eliminate waste
at the source
Engineering controls - methods to
reduce quantity of waste(smaller
containers)

LABLE THE HAZARDS WITH
SYMBOLS
1
8

ACTS FOR BMW
MANAGEMENT
 Biomedical waste (management and handling)
rule 1998, prescribed by The Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Govt of India, came
into force on 20th July 1998.
 This rule applies to those who generate, collect,
receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio
medical waste in any manner.
 Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into
containers/bags at the point of generation of
waste. Thus Colour Coding & type of containers
used for disposal of waste is came into existence
which is shown as follows.

ENVIRONMENT LEGISLATION
 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
 The Biomedical Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1998
 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
 The Hazardous Waste (Management &
 The National Environmental Tribunal Act,
1995
 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981

CONCLUSION
 Proper collection and segregation of
biomedical waste.
 Try to reduce the waste generation.
 Individual awareness and participation.
 Use recycle products.
 To natural biodiversity.

Bio medical waste management

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