BIOCHEMIISTRY OF LIPIDS.pptx

BIOCHEMIISTRY OF LIPIDS.pptx

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  BIOCHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS GATLUAKJAMES KEDOK JIEK JANY (BBLT, MUK)
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  Learning Objectives A) Definition B)Characteristics C) Clinical Significance D) Classification E) Important Questions
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  A) Definition Lipids areorganic compounds formed mainly from alcohol and fatty acid combined together by ester linkage.
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  B) Characteristics i) Lipidsare insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents (benzene, acetone, etc). ii) They are widely distributed in nature – both in plants and animals. Biological Significance i) Lipids are basically the storage of warm energy. ii) They act as metabolic regulators. iii) Act as emulsifying agents (surfactant). iv) Act as electrical insulators in neuroma. v) Supply fat soluble vitamin in the body (A,D,E,K). vi) Supply essential fatty acids.
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  C) Clinical Significance i)Obesity ii) Atherosclerosis iii) Phynoderma D) Classification Lipids are classified into 3 major groups 1) Simple Lipid: Ester of fatty acid with various alcohols. a) Triglyceride: Ester of fatty acid with glycerol, also called as Tg/Triacylglycerol. There are 2 types of Tg – Simple and Mixed Tg. b) Waxes: Ester of fatty acid with cetyl alcohol (Higher molecular weight than glycerol).
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  2. Compound/Conjugated/Complex Lpids:These are lipids that contain additional substance (Phosphoric acid, protein, carbohydrate , etc). a) Phopholipid: These are in 2 types They are the compound lipids that contain fatty acid, alcohol and phosphoric acid (As additional substance). [Fatty Acid + Alcohol + N2 base + P]. i) Glycerophopholipid: FA + Glycerol + Phosphoric Acid (Example; Lesithin, Sefalin). ii) Shingophospholipid: FA + Sphingosine + Phosphoric Acid (Example; Sphingomyelin). b) Glycolipid: These are the compound lipids containing fatty acid, alcohol and carbohydrate (As additional substance). Example; Cerebrosides, Gangliosides) [FA + Alcohol + Carbohydrate].
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  c) Lipoproteins: Theyare the compound lipids containing fatty acid, alcohol and proteins (As additional Substance). [FA + Alcohol + Protein]. Example; HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, Chylomicron. d) Others: Sulpholipid, Aminolipid, etc. 3. Derived Lipids: They are derived from simple and compound lipid by hydrolysis. Example; Cholesterol, Steroid hormones, MAG, DAG, Fatty Acid, Fatty Alcohol, etc.
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  E) Important Questions 1)Write short notes on Lipoproteins. 2) Give examples of Glycerophospholipid. 3) Write short notes on Phopholipids. 4) Classify Lipids. 5) Write short notes on Neutral Fats.