Biological bases of human behavior
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The document summarizes key aspects of the human nervous system and behavior. It describes the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, including its main parts like dendrites, axons, and terminals. It explains how neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals. The major divisions and parts of the brain are outlined, including the four lobes and structures like the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The roles of the endocrine and nervous systems in regulating human behavior and functions are briefly explained.
Biological bases of human behavior
- 1. BIOLOGICAL BASES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
- 2. NEURON “THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM”
- 3. PARTS OF A NEURON A CLUSTER OF FIBERS AT ONE END OF A NEURON DENTRITE THAT RECIEVES MESSAGES FROM OTHER NEURONS. THE PART OF THE NEURON AXON THAT CARRIES MESSAGES DESTINED FOR OTHER NEURON. SMALL BULGES AT THE END TERMINAL BUTTONS OF AXON THAT SENDS MESSAGES TO OTHER NEURON. MYELIN PROTECTIVE COAT OF FAT AND PROTEIN THAT WRAPS AROUND THE AXON. NODE OF RANVIER GAP BETWEEN TWO MYELINATED AXONS
- 4. TYPES OF NEURON SENSORY NEURON MOTOR NEURON ASSOCIATION NEURON
- 5. HOW NEURON FIRE LIKE A GUN, NEURONS EITHER FIRE –THAT IS, TRANSMIT AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE ALONG THE AXON-OR DON’T FIRE. ALL-OR NONE LAW-THE RULE THAT NEURONS ARE EITHER ON OR OFF. RESTING STATE-THE STATE IN WHICH THERE IS A NEGATIVE ELECTRICAL CHARGE OF ABOUT 270 MILLIVOLTS WITHIN A NEURON. ACTION POTENTIAL-AN ELECTRIC NERVE IMPULSES THAT TRAVELS THROUGH A NEURON WHEN IT IS SET OFF A TRIGGER CHANGING THE NEURON’S CHARGE FROM NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE.
- 6. SYNAPES-THE SPACE BETWEEN TWO NEURONS WHERE THE AXON OF A SENDING NEURON COMMUNICATES WITH THE DENTRITES OF A RECEIVING NEURON BY USING CHEMICAL MESSAGES. NEUROTRANSMITTERS-CHEMICALS THAT CARRY MESSAGES ACROSS THE SYNAPES TO DENTRITE AND SOME TIMES CELL BODY OF A RECEIVER NEURON.
- 7. NEUROTRANSMITTERS NAME LOCATION FUNCTION ACETYLCHOLINE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD,PNS MUSCLE MOVEMENT,COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING (excitatory/inhibitory) GLUTAMATE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD MEMORY (excitatory) GAMMA-AMINO BRAIN,SPINAL CORD EATING,AGGRESSION,SLEEPING BUTYRIC ACID (inhibitory) SEROTONIN BRAIN,SPINAL CORD SLEEPING,MOOD,PAIN DEPRESSION (inhibitory) DOPAMINE BRAIN MUSCLES DISORDER,MENTAL DISORDER,PARKINSON’S DISEASE (inhibitory/excitatory) ENDORPHINS BRAIN,SPINAL CORD PAIN SUPPRESSION,PLEASURE FEELINGS,APPETITES (inhibitory)
- 8. ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- 10. FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN TO IDENTIFY TO ORGANIZE TO INTERPRET TO RESPOND
- 12. MAJOR CORES OF THE BRAIN FORE BRAIN MIDBRAIN HINDBRAIN
- 13. The anterior and largest portion of the brain; includes the cerebral hemispheres, the limbic system, the thalamus and hypothalamus, and the corpus callosum. Function: to control cognitive, sensory and motor function, and regulate temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping and the display of emotions.
- 14. The midbrain is the smallest region of the brain that acts as relay station for auditory and visual information. Portions of the midbrain called the red nucleus and the substantia nigra are involved in the control of body movement.
- 15. The area of the brain comprising the pons, medulla and cerebellum. Function: to co-ordinate motor activity, posture, equilibrium and sleep patterns and regulate unconscious but essential functions, such as breathing and blood circulation.
- 16. CENTRAL CORE-THE OLD BRAIN WHICH CONTROLS BASIC FUNCTIONS SUCH AS EATING AND IS COMMON TO ALL VERTEBRATES. CEREBRAL CORTEX- THE NEW BRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MOST SOPHISTICATED INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE BRAIN.IT ALSO CONTAINS FOUR LOBES
- 17. FOUR LOBES OF THE BRAIN
- 19. FOUR LOBES OF THE BRAIN LIES IN THE MOTOR FRONTAL LOBE CORTEX,INVOLVES IN DECISION MAKING,PLANNING,AND CARRYING OUT BEHAVIOR,RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS. DAMAGE: INABILITY OF GOOD CHOICES AND RECOGNIZED CONSEQUENCE CAN CAUSE INCREASE IRRITABILITY. CHANGE IN MOOD AND INABILTY TO REGULATE BEHAVIOR
- 21. PARIETAL LOBE INVOLVES IN PROCESSING SENSORY INFORMATION FROM THE BODY,SUCH AS TOUCHING,LOCATING POSITION OF LIMBS,FEELING TEMPERATURE AND PAIN. DAMAGE:THE ABILITY TO MULTITASK IS REDUCE OR ELIMINATED,RECOGNITION OF RIGHT AND LEFT DAMAGE NEGLECT
- 22. LOBES OF THE BRAIN TEMPORAL LOBE PRIMARY LOCATION OF AUDITORY AREA,INVOLVES IN APPRECIATION OF SOUNDS AND SPOKEN LANGUAGE. RESPONSIBLE FOR LEARNING,MEMORY AND HEARING DAMAGE:INABILITY TO PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT THEY SEE AND HEAR INABILITY TO COMPREHEND LANGUAGE IMPAIRED MEMEORY EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE PROSOPAGNOSIA
- 23. OCCIPITAL LOBE INVOLVES IN PROCESSING VISUAL INFORMATION,WHICH INCLUDES SEEING COLORS AND PERCIEVING AND RECOGNIZING OBJECTS,ANIMALS AND PEOPLE. DAMAGE:LOSE OF VISUAL CAPABILITY INABILITY TO IDENTIFY COLOR HALLUCINATION
- 24. OTHER PARTS OF THE BRAIN
- 26. PARTS OF THE BRAIN HYPOTHALAMUS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING BASIC BIOLOGICAL NEEDS:HUNGER,THRIST, TEMPERATURE CONTROL THALAMUS RELAY CENTER FOR CORTEX,HANDLES INCOMING AND OUTGOING SIGNALS. PITUTARY GLAND MASTER GLAND REGULATES OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
- 27. PARTS OF THE BRAIN MEDULLA RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING UNCONSCIOUS FUNCTIONS SUCH AS BREATHING AND CIRCULATION. PONS INVOLVES IN SLEEP AND AROUSAL. CEREBELLUM CONTROLS BODILY BALANCE. CORPUS CALLOSUM BRIDGE OF FIBERS PASSING INFORMATIONBETWEEN THE TWO CEREBRAL HEMISPHRES
- 28. AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION OF RIGHT AND LEFT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES LEFT HEMISPHERE RIGHT HEMISPHERE RIGHT HAND TOUCH LEFTHAND TOUCH SPEECH SPATIAL LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTION WRITING CREATIVE THINKING LOGIC FANTASY MATH ART AND MUSIC SCIENCE APPRECIATION
- 29. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- 30. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK THAT SENDS MESSAGES THOUGHOUT THE BODY VIA THE BLOOD STREAM. HORMONES-CHEMICALS THAT CIRCULATE THROUGH THE BLOOD STREAM AND REGULATE THE FUNCTIONING OR GROWTH OF THE BODY. PITUITARY GLAND-THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM WHICH SECRETES HORMONES THAT CONTROL GROWTH AND THE OTHER PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYTEM.
- 31. MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND ITS FUNCTIONS HYPOTHALAMUS HOMEOSTASIS PITUITARY GLAND GROWTH PARATHYROID GLAND METABOLIC RATE THYROID GLAND THYMUS IMMUNE SYSTEM ADRENAL GLAND PANCREAS INSULIN AND GLUCAGON,CONTROLS SUGAR METABOLISM OVARY TESTES PROMOTE MALE/FEMALE SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS.
- 32. MAJOR PROCESSES CONTROLLED BY HORMONES REPRODUCTION GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MOBILIZING THE BODY AGAINST STRESSORS MAINTAINING ELECTROLYTE,WATER,NUTRIENT BALANCE OF THE BLOOD METABOLISM
- 33. PITUITARY GLAND
- 34. ANTERIOR LOBE/ADENOHYPOPHYSIS ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE -REGULATE SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING STRESS,GROWTH,REPRODUCTION AND LACTATION. -TARGET GLAND-ADRENAL GLAND MINERALOCORTICOID, GLUCOCORTICOID,SEXCORTICOID OVERPRODUCTION OF ACTH-CUSHING SYNDROME-WEIGHT GAIN,EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF FATS,ROUND FACE
- 35. THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE TARGET GLAND-THYROID GLAND- T3 (TRIIDITHYRONINE) T4 (THYROXINE)- BASALMETABOLISM OVERSECRETION-HYPERTHYROIDISM UNDER SECRETION-HYPOTHYRODISM
- 36. FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE TARGET GLAND-GONAD-GROWTH OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- 37. LUTEINIZING HORMONE TARGET GLAND-GONAD-SEX HORMONE PRODUCTION
- 38. GROWTH HORMONE TARGET GLAND-LIVER,ADIPOSE TISSUE-PROMOTES GROWTH,LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE UNDERSECRETION-DWARFISM OVER SECRETION-GIGANTISM OVERSECRETION(ADOLESENCE)- ACROMEGALY
- 39. DWARFISM
- 40. ACROMEGALY
- 41. PROLACTIN TARGET GLAND-OVARIES,MAMMARY GLAND-SECRETION OF ESTROGEN,PROGESTERONE,MILK PRODUCTION
- 43. ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE TARGET GLAND-KIDNEYS- STIMULAYE WATER RETENTION PROBLEM IN ADH-DIABETES INSIPIDUS