BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL METHOD IN ORGANIC FARMING.pptx

INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC
FARMING

ORGANIC FARMING – PEST MANAGEMENT
As we all know,current agricultural farming system is completely polluted
with pesticides and chemicals,
to protect environment and overcome the current situation in agriculture
sector,
organic farming is very important and essential to release nutrients to
crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly pollution free
environment.

OBJECTIVES
● To minimize losses.
● To minimize environmental pollution.
● To approach towards sustainability.
● Maintain quality as well as quantity of produce.
● Nullify the effects of green revolution.
● Ensuring food security
● Decrease biohazards created in the food chain due to presence
of chemicals.
● Controlling the pest and insect getting resistant to chemicals etc.

How to manage?
● To manage pests effectively,producers need to understand the biology and
growth habits of both pests and crop.
● Type and concentration of pests.
● Pest life cycle.
● Soil condition.
● Local weather pattern.
● Natural enemies of the pest concerned.
● Infecting strategies of pest.

Pest management
Integration of following;
● Cultural measures
● Physical measures
● Mechanical measures
● Biological measures
● Organic pesticides
● Behavioral measures

CULTURAL CONTROL
● Resistant varieties
● Crop rotation
● Companion planting
● Timing of planting
● Sanitation
● Tillage
● Mulches
● Trap crops

● Early planting reduces gall midge,leaf folder of rice,shootfly,gram pod borer in
chickpea.
● Trash mulching reduces Chilo partellus.
● Alternate drying and wetting reduces BPH and WBPH. (Rice plant)
● Tomato intercropped with cabbage (1:1) reduced egg laying of Plutella xylostella.
● Mustard as a trap crop in cabbage or cauliflower fields (2:25) against DBM.
● Trap cropping of marigold after every 8 rows of tomato attracts Helicoverpa
armigera.
● Trimming of field bunds eliminates eggs of grasshopper.
● Resistant varieties like IR 50,CR 1009,PTB 2 etc for green leaf hopper.
● Resistant varieties:CO 312,CO 421,CO 661 for Chilo infuscatellus.

PHYSICAL CONTROL
● Use of temperature,moisture,radiant energy to minimise or prevent pest
problems is called physical control.
● Flame throwers are used to control locusts.
● Burning torch against drumstick hairy caterpillar.
● Yellow sticky traps used to attract whiteflies and aphids.
● Generally light traps are used @ 1 trap/ha.
● Cold storage of fruits and vegetables (1-2°C for 12-20 days) kills fruitflies.
● Low temperature (below 4°C) makes insects inactive and prevents
damage.

MECHANICAL CONTROL
● Use of mechanical devices or manual forces for destruction or exclusion of pests is
called mechanical control.
● Shaking and beating of branches of neem trees at night time kills white grub
adults.
● Iron hook is used to pull out adult rhinoceros beetle from crown in coconut.
● Banding of sticky material around stem controls mango mealy bug.
● Hopper dozers,aphid dozers smash hoppers and aphids by running over them.
● Wrapping the fruits against anar butterfly in pomegranate.
● Trenching around field saves crop from invading bands of locust and RHC.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Microbial
Entomopathogenic fungus.
Entomopathogenic
protozoa.
Entomopathogenic
bacteria.
Entomopathogenic viruses.
Predators
Parasitoids
Egg parasitoids
Egg-larval parasitoids
Larval parasitoids
Larval-pupal parasitoids
Pupal parasitoids
Nymphal parasitoids

Common name Fungus Pest affected
Green muscadine fungus Metarrhizum anisopliae Oryctes rhinoceros
M.favoviridae Desert loocust
White muscardine fundus Beauveria bassiana Spodoptera litura
Fusarium oxysporium Nilaparvata lugens
White halo fungus Verticillium lecani Coccus viridis
Nomuraea fungus Nomuraea rileyi Helicoverpa armigera
Mite fungal pathogen Hirsutella thompsoni Citrus rust mite
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS

PROTOZOA AGAINST PEST
Malameoba locustae Grasshoppers,licusts
Modena fumiferarae Spruce budworm
Farinocystis triboli Tribolium castaneum
Leptomonas pyrrhocoris Pyrrhocoris apterus
Vairimorpha necatrix Lepidopterans
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC PROTOZOANS

ENTOMOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA
● Bacillus thuringenesis is a gram positive spore forming bacteria that has
insecticidal action.
Principle pathotypes of Bt are:
● B.thringiensis var.kurstaki affecting lepidoptera
● B.thuringiensis var.aizawai affecting diptera
● B.thuringiensis var. Israelensis affecting mosquito and black flies
● B.thuringiensis var.sotto against Pieris brassicas
● B.popillae,B.cereus against Popillia japonica
● Serratia marcescens against Opisina arenosella

ENTOMOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES
● Ha-NPV(Nuclear polyhedrosis virus) against Helicoverpa
armigera
● Sl-NPV against Spodoptera litura (Spodoptera littoralis nuclear
polyhedrosis virus)
● Aa-NPV against Amsacta albistriga
● PTM baculovirus against phthorimea operculella
● CYD-X(GV) against Cydia pomonella
● VPN 80 against Autographa californica

PARASITOIDS
Egg parasitoids
● Trichogramma chilonis against sugarcane internode borer,cotton
bollworm,rice leaf folder
● Telenomous japonicum against rice stem borer
Egg-larval parasitoids
● Chelonus Blackburni - cotton spotted bollworm
● Capidosoma koehleri - potato tuber moth
Larval parasitoids
● Bracon hebetor - Opisina.arnosella
● Platygaster oryzae - Orseola oryzae

PREDATORS
● Chrysoperla Carnea - soft bodied insests like aphids
● Platymeris laevicollis - coconut rhinoceros beetle
● Scymnus coccivora - grapevine mealy bug
● Microvelia atrolineata - Rice leaf and plant hopper
● Coccinella septumpuncta - aphids
● Eucanthecona furcellata - red hairy caterpillar
● Robber flies - bees,wasps,grasshopper,flies etco
● Preying mantids - flies,grasshopper.

DOSAGES
● Tiny wasps Trichogramma japonicum@50,000-1,00,000/ha against
yellow stem borer
● Cyrtorhinus lividipennis @ 100 adults or 50-75 nymphs/metre square
against Nilaparvata lugens
● Ha-NPV @1.5-3.0 ×10^12POB/ha(250-500LE)
● Epiricania melanoleuca @ 2-3 egg masses or 5-7 cocoons in 40 selected
spots or 4000-5000 vialble cocoons /ha
● Metarhizum anisopliae@42.5× 10^10 spores/m^3 once at the time of
planting against groundnut white grub

BOTANICAL PESTICIDES
● Pyrethrum;extracted from flowers of chrysanthemum cinerarifolium acts
as antifeedant at low doses against biting fly,Glossina sp.
● Neem;extracted from leaves and fruits of neem Azadirhacta indica is an
antifeedant used against desert locust.
● Apple factor; phlorizin is extracted from Apple which is effective against
Myzus persicae.
● Solanum alkaloids; leptine,tomatine,solanine are alkaloids extracted
from solanum plants and are antifeedant to leaf hopper.
● Rotenone;extracted from the roots of Derris elliptica kills flea
beetle,cucumber beetle,etc.

SEX PHEROMONES
● In pest management pheromones are used for various purpose;
● Monitoring; 5-10 traps / ha are used.
● Mass trapping; about 100 traps/ ha are used.
● Mating disruption;management of pink bollworm in cotton by using one
PB Rope L dispensers @200/ha
● Some of the female sex pheromones which can be employed in pest
management
● Bombykol silkworm
● Looplure Cabbage looper
● Helilure gram pod borer
● Gyplure gypsy moth

CONCLUSION
In today's world it's hard to think of managing pests without using the Synthetic pesticides .But
in organic farming use of synthetic pesticides is restricted.
so pests should be avoided by good management practices
This includes general cleanliness and hygiene.Treatments with pest regulating agents must be
regarded as last resort.
Physical barriers like sound,ultraslund, light,UV light,traps,temperature control,controlled
atmosphere,diatamaeceous earth should be used but before everything a plan for pest prevention
and pest control should be developed.

BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL METHOD IN ORGANIC FARMING.pptx

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BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL METHOD IN ORGANIC FARMING.pptx