Biomolecules - Glycoside, Amino sugar, Deoxy sugar

Biomolecules - Glycoside, Amino sugar, Deoxy sugar

• 1.
  Presented by :Aamir Malik, Assistant Professor, Metro College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida E-Mail – [email protected] Biomolecules (Glycosides, Amino Sugar, Deoxy Sugar)
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  Table of Content Glycosides  Glycosidic Linkage  Amino Sugar  Deoxy Sugar
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  Glycosides  These arethe derivatives of sugars.  They contain sugar moity bounded with non sugar moity by Glycosidic linkage.  The sugar part is also called as ‘Glycone’.  The non sugar part is also called as ‘Aglycone’ ‘Genin’.  We can also define Glycosides as compounds which have Glycone which is binded with Aglycone by Glycosidic linkage.
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  Glycone  Glycones arethose substance which contain carbohydrates or sugar moiety.  Examples: Glucose(Glucoside), Fructose(Fructoside), Pentose(Pentoside).
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  Aglycones  Aglycones arealso known by ‘Genin’ or Non- Sugar moiety.  We call them non sugar cause they do not contain sugar or carbohydrates.  Examples: Hesperitin(Hesperitin), Naringenin(Naringin).
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  Glycosidic Linkage  Thelinkage between Glycone and Aglycone moiety is called Glycosidic linkage.  Glycosidic linkage occurs between Anomeric carbons of the glycones and aglycones.  It is a condensation reaction in which water molecules released during Glycosidic linkage.
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   In caseof sucrose, the Glycosidic linkage occur between fructose (Carbon no. 2, C2) and glucose( C1).
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  Amino Sugar  Theseare the sugar or carbohydrate which contain Amino group in their structure are called as Amino sugars.  They are constituents of Glycoproteins, Ganglioside, Glycosaminoglycans.  Examples: N-Acetylglucosamine, D- Glucosamines, D-Galactosamine, D- Mannosamine.  These are also present in Erythromycin and Carbomycin
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  Glycoprotein:  The covalentbinding of Oligosaccharides with Amino Acid side chain result in the formation of glycoprotein.  They are present in Collagen, Immunoglobin, Blood Group etc. Ganglioside:  Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids.  It is a component of brain neurons.  It is also impart in cell communication. Glycosaminoglycans  These are long linear polysaccharides chain of repeating disaccharides units.  Present in cellular matrix.
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  Deoxy Sugar  Thereplacement of ‘OH’ present on sugar by the ‘H’ result in the formation of Deoxy sugar.  These sugars do not form Osazone.  These sugars are unstable and convert in to Resins.  Example: Deoxy Ribose Sugar found in DNA.
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  Thank You