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Bioremediation -Bioaugmentation and types .pptx
- 1. VIVEKANANDA ART’S AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN VEERACHIPACHIPALAIYAM – 637 330,SANKARI,SALEM, TAMILNADU. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SUBJECT : BIOREMEDIATION BIOAGUMENTATION AND ITS TYPES PREPARED BY : M.GOMATHI, 1’ST M.SC MICROBIOLOGY. GUIDED BY : Dr.R . DINESH KUMAR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY.
- 2. BIOAGUMENTATION : • Bioaugmentation is defined as “the introduction of cultured microorganisms into a contaminated environment in order to enhance bioremediation of pollutants.” • Biological augmentation is the addition of archaea or bacterial cultures required to speed up the rate of degradation of a contaminant. • Organisms that originate from contaminated areas may already be able to break down waste, but perhaps inefficiently and slowly.
- 4. • Bioaugmentation is the addition of microorganisms that have the ability to biodegrade recalcitrant molecules in the polluted environment. • This approach is less-costly and friendlier to environment compared to the physico-chemical approaches. • Bioaugmentation is used to biodegrade specific soil and groundwater contaminants. It involves adding cultured microorganisms into the subsurface to biodegrade the desired contaminants. • In many cases, these microorganisms are “specialists” in degrading specific target contaminants.
- 5. IN SITU BIOAGUMENTATION : • Bioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation technique that consists of adding indigenous or exogenous (non-indigenous) microorganisms to contaminated soil or groundwater to enhance or supersede the existing microbial population. • Bioaugmentation is the addition of microorganisms that have the ability to biodegrade recalcitrant molecules in the polluted environment. • In situ bioremediation can be understood as the method by which, under natural conditions, pesticides are biologically degraded to either carbon dioxide and water or a mitigated transformation product.
- 6. TYPE OF IN-SITU BIOAGUMENTATION : • Genetic bioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation method that stimulates horizontal transfer of catabolic plasmids between exogenous donor cells and indigenous bacteria. • To increase the bioBioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation technique that consists of adding indigenous or exogenous (non- indigenous) microorganisms to contaminated soil or groundwater to enhance or supersede the existing microbial population. • These include Natural Attenuation, Composting, Bioslurping, Bioventing, Biosparging and microbe assisted Phytoremediation to name a few.
- 7. ENGINEERED IN SITU BIOAGUMENTATION TYPES : 1.FOOD INDUSTRY :Microbiology is important to food safety, production, processing, preservation, and storage. • Microbes such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts are employed for the foods production and food ingredients such as production of wine, beer, bakery, and dairy products. • Industrial Microbiology is a branch of applied microbiology in which microorganisms are used for the production of important substances, such as antibiotics, food products, enzymes, amino acids, vaccines, and fine chemicals. • Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food (Fratamico and Bayles, 2005).
- 8. CONTINUE : 2.INOCULATION :In simple terms, inoculation in microbiology is the process of introducing microbes into a culture media so that it reproduces there. • Commonly, it is used in the introduction of vaccines, serum or any antigenic substance in the body so as to boost immunity against a particular disease. • Inoculate ih-NAHK-yuh-layt inoculate. 1 a : to introduce a microorganism into. • Growth. C : to introduce immunologically active material (such as an antibody or antigen) into especially in order to treat or prevent a disease.
- 9. CONTINUE : 3.INCUBATION :incubation, the maintenance of uniform conditions of temperature and humidity to ensure the development of eggs or, under laboratory conditions, of certain experimental organisms, especially bacteria. • The phrase incubation period designates the time from the commencement of incubation to hatching. • The process in which a bird, etc. keeps its eggs warm until the young come out, or the process in which an egg develops until the stage at which the young come out. • Incubation period The incubation period varies depending on the time of year when the eggs were laid.
- 10. CONTINUE : 3.ISOLATION : In microbiology, the term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes. • Present in the environment, for example in water or soil, or from living beings with skin flora, oral flora or gut flora, in order to identify the microbe(s) of interest. • Microbial isolation technique is an attempt to grow microorganisms outside of their natural environment. • Separation of microorganisms outside the environment aims to obtain bacterial cultures that are no longer mixed with other bacteria called pure cultures.
- 11. CONTINUE : 4.INSPECTION :Inspection is also known as observation, where you look at the microorganism through a microscope. • as microorganisms are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. • Identification is the practical use of classification criteria to distinguish certain organisms from others, to verify the authenticity or utility of a strain or a particular reaction, or to isolate and identify the organism that causes a disease. • Simple terms, inoculation in microbiology is the process of introducing microbes into a culture media so that it reproduces there.
- 12. CONTINUE : 5.IDENTIFICATION :Identification is the practical use of classification criteria to distinguish certain organisms from others, to verify the authenticity or utility. • Microbial identification can be defined as “microbial characterization by a limited spectrum of tests pre-chosen and appropriate to the problem being studied. • Essential for correct disease diagnosis, treatment of infection and trace-back of disease outbreaks associated with microbial infections. • Taxonomy is the classification, nomenclature and identification of microbes (algae, protozoa, slime moulds, fungi, bacteria, archaea and viruses).
- 13. ADVANTAGES OF IN SITU BIOAGUMENTATION : • At sites where soil and ground water are contaminated with chlorinated ethanes, such as tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene, bioaugmentation • Ensure that the in situ microorganisms can completely degrade these contaminants to ethylene and chloride, which are nontoxic in nature. • They can reduce the risks of exposure and secondary contamination, minimize the disturbance of the site, and lower the costs and time of remediation. • It is a natural way to protect animals and plants.
- 14. DISADVANTAGE OF IN SITU BIOAGUMENTATION : • A few of the impacts include: Chemical alterations: When microorganisms use organic contaminants and electron acceptors, inorganic compounds are produced. • As a result, the concentration of inorganic carbon rises while the electron acceptors fall. • The habitats of endangered species might be fragmented, and the available area may not be sufficient to ensure their survival. There might be a significant decrease in genetic diversity, which can affect the overall health of the species.
- 15. SOLID PHASE BIOAGUMENTATION: • Bioaugmentation is the addition of microorganisms that have the ability to biodegrade recalcitrant molecules in the polluted environment. • This approach is less-costly and friendlier to environment compared to the physico-chemical approaches. • The rationale of this approach is to enhance the degree or rate of degradation of the complex pollutants by the addition of pollutant- degrading microorganisms. • Biological augmentation is the addition of archaea or bacterial cultures required to speed up the rate of degradation of a contaminant.
- 16. SLURRY PHASE SYSTEM : • Description: Slurry phase biological treatment comprises of the treatment of excavated soil in a bioreactor. • The soil is initially processed to separate out any stones and rubble that may be present. • Slurry-phase biological treatment is performed in a reactor to remediate a mixture of water and excavated soil. • The soil is mixed with water to a concentration that is determined by the proportions of the contaminants in soils, the rate of biodegradation, and the physical nature of the soils.
- 17. ADVANTAGES OF EX SITU AGUMENTATION : • The main advantage of ex situ treatment is that it generally requires shorter time periods than in situ treatment, and there is more certainty about the uniformity of treatment because of the ability to homogenize, screen, and continuously mix the soil. • However, ex situ methods also have some disadvantages, such as high costs, high energy consumption, large volumes of waste, and potential environmental impacts of transportation and disposal. • Examples of ex situ processes include land treatment and composting. In these processes, soils are excavated, mixed with amendments, and operated in a manner that facili tates degradation of the contaminants of concern.
- 19. DISADVANTAGE OF EX SITU BIOAGUMENTATION : • Limitations of ex situ conservation include maintenance of organisms in artificial habitats, deterioration of genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, adaptations to captivity, and accumulation of deleterious alleles. • It has many constraints in terms of personnel, costs, and reliance on electric power sources. • Ex-situ conservation keeps animals and plants safe from external threats and educates the public about conservation efforts. • However, ex-situ conservation is expensive and can impact the behaviour and genetic diversity of animals in captivity.
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