Blood Vessels
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This document describes the structure and function of blood vessels. It discusses the three layers - tunica intima, media, and adventitia - that make up arteries and veins. It also explains the types of capillaries and their roles in peripheral circulation and transport of substances to blood. Capillaries are the narrowest blood vessels and come in three varieties: continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal, which differ in their endothelial cell structure and locations in organs.
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Blood Vessels
- 2. Vascular System Dr. Samar Asker
- 3. Arteries Large Arteries: aorta caries blood from the heart. Medium-sized arteries: cary blood to organs Small Arteries (arterioles):regulate blood flow to capillaries.
- 4. General Structure of Blood Vessels T.Intima T.Media T.Adventitia
- 6. Tunica intima 10% simple squamous epithelium Subendothelial C.T. rich in elastic fiber. Undifferentiated Internal elastic lamina.
- 7. Tunica Media70%: Fenestrated elastic membrane (40-70 layer) Smooth muscle in() Collagen fibers.
- 8. Tunica adventitia 20%: Loose CT rich in elastic fibers. Contain vasa vasora which is a small blood vessels that supply the outer part of T. media & T. adventitia
- 9. 10% 70% 20%
- 10. Medium sized artery Wall Thick wall. Lumen Narrow lumen. Not contain blood after death. No valve in the lumen. Flow of Blood It has a rapid flow of arterial blood. Medium sized vein Thin wall. Wide lumen usually contains blood after death. Valve present. It has a slow flow of venous blood.
- 11. T. Intima Medium sized artery Thick. Folded due to internal elastic lamina. Medium sized vein Thin. Not Folded.
- 12. Medium sized artery T. Media Thick. Some elastic membrane. External elastic lamina may be present Adventitia Thin and contain elastic fibers. Medium sized vein Thin. Formed of few smooth muscle fibers. No external elastic lamina. Thicker No elastic fibers
- 15. Peripheral circulation Arterioles give plexus of capillaries to supply tissues
- 17. Narrow vessels formed by rolling of an endothelial cell Length: 0.251mm Diameter: 8 μm.
- 18. 1 layer of endothelial cells Resting on basement membrane Which split to enclose pericytes
- 20. Continuous capillaries: Continuous endothelium (no pores) Continuous basement membrane Sites: C. T., bone, brain , skin and exocrine glands.
- 21. Fenestrated or visceral: Endothelium has pores closed by membrane or diaphragms except renal capillaries Site: Intestine Endocrine glands. Glomerular capillary of kidney,
- 22. Sinusoidal capillaries: Dilated irregular capillaries, (5-40) µm. Fenestrated endothelium have pores without diaphragms. The basement membrane either non continuous or absent. Macrophages extend pseudopodia inside () the endothelial cells to engulf any foreign body.
- 23. Sites : In bone marrow:Carry blood cells, to the circulation. In spleen: Carry stored blood cells to circulation & filter the blood.
- 24. liver: carry plasma proteins to blood In endocrine glands: carry hormones to blood.