Blue Orange Cute Cartoon Science Group Project Presentation_20251108_123235_0000.pptx

Blue Orange Cute Cartoon Science Group Project Presentation_20251108_123235_0000.pptx

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  carbon and it's compounds.
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  Our Team Presented by: ★sRIVIGNESH ★ANBUSELVAN ★AARIPRASAD ★PRABANCHAN GUIDEDBY: RAJESHWARI MAM SUBMITTED TO: RAJESHWARI MAM
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  •Carbon is oneof the most important elements found in nature, forming the basic building block of all living organisms. •Its ability to form long chains and rings, known as catenation, makes it highly versatile for creating various compounds. •Carbon compounds are found everywhere: in fuels we burn for energy, in the food we eat, in medicines that heal us, and in materials like plastics and synthetic fibers. •Understanding carbon chemistry helps us explain the structure and function of many everyday substances. Introduction
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  •Carbon is tetravalent,meaning it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms, allowing it to make complex molecules. •It has the property of catenation, which enables it to link with other carbon atoms to form long chains, branched chains, or rings. •Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds, which leads to a huge variety of chemical compounds. •Its allotropes, like diamond, graphite, and fullerenes, show completely different physical properties, even though they are made of the same element. Properties of Carbon
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  •Diamond: Diamond isthe hardest naturally occurring substance. It has a crystal lattice structure and is used in cutting tools, jewelry, and industrial drills. •Graphite: Graphite is soft and slippery due to layers of carbon atoms that can slide over each other. It is a good conductor of electricity and is used in pencils, lubricants, and batteries. •Fullerenes and Nanotubes: Fullerenes are spherical molecules of carbon, while carbon nanotubes are cylindrical. Allotropes of Carbon
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  Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are compoundsmade exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They form the foundation of organic chemistry and are widely used as fuels and raw materials. Types of Hydrocarbons: Alkanes: Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds, general formula CnH2n+2, e.g., Methane (CH₄), Propane (C₃H₈). Alkenes: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond, general formula CnH2n, e.g., Ethene (C₂H₄). Alkynes: Unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond, general formula CnH2n-2, e.g., Ethyne (C₂H₂). Hydrocarbons are important as fuels, lubricants, and chemical feedstock in industries.
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  Structural Representations Carbon compoundscan be represented using molecular formulas (showing the number of atoms) or structural formulas (showing the arrangement of atoms). Example: Methane (CH₄) shows one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms in a tetrahedral shape. Ethene (C₂H₄) has a double bond between two carbon atoms, while Ethyne (C₂H₂) has a triple bond, giving unique chemical properties. Using structural diagrams helps in understanding reactions, functional groups, and isomers of carbon compounds.
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  Nomenclature (IUPAC Rules) IUPACprovides a systematic way to name carbon compounds to avoid confusion. The longest carbon chain in a molecule is identified as the parent chain. Prefixes indicate the number of carbon atoms, and suffixes (-ane, - ene, -yne) show the type of bond present. Example: Methane (CH₄), Ethene (C₂H₄), Propane (C₃H₈), Butyne (C₄H₆). Proper naming allows scientists and students worldwide to communicate chemical structures clearly.
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  Functional Groups Functional groupsare specific groups of atoms in a molecule that determine its chemical properties. Common examples: Alcohol (-OH): Found in drinks and antiseptics. Carboxylic Acid (-COOH): Found in vinegar and citric acid. Aldehyde (-CHO): Used in perfumes and flavorings. Ketone (>C=O): Used in solvents and pharmaceuticals. Functional groups explain why different carbon compounds have different chemical behaviors even if they contain the same number of carbon atoms.
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  Important Reactions ofCarbon Compounds Combustion: Hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy. Oxidation: Alcohols can be oxidized to carboxylic acids, e.g., ethanol acetic → acid. Addition Reactions: Alkenes and alkynes can add hydrogen, halogens, or water across multiple bonds. Substitution Reactions: Halogens replace hydrogen atoms in alkanes, e.g., CH₄ + Cl₂ CH₃Cl + HCl. → These reactions are the basis of many industrial and laboratory processes.
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  Uses of CarbonCompounds Fuels: Petrol, diesel, LPG, and natural gas are carbon-based hydrocarbons used for energy. Medicines: Carbon compounds form the backbone of many drugs, vitamins, and antibiotics. Plastics and Polymers: PVC, polythene, and synthetic fibers are made from carbon compounds. Alcohols and Acids: Used in industries for making soaps, detergents, solvents, and preservatives. Carbon compounds are essential in almost every sector of human life.
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  Environmental Concerns Carbon compounds,especially from burning fossil fuels, can cause pollution and health hazards. Carbon monoxide (CO): A poisonous gas that binds with hemoglobin in blood, reducing oxygen transport. Carbon dioxide (CO₂): Excess emission leads to global warming and climate change. Sustainable alternatives, such as biofuels and renewable energy, are necessary to reduce environmental impact.
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  Conclusion & References Carbonis a versatile and essential element, forming the backbone of all living organisms and many materials. Its ability to form diverse compounds makes it indispensable in fuels, medicines, plastics, and industrial applications. References: NCERT Chemistry Textbook, Guidebooks, Online Resources Quote: “Carbon is the element of life, shaping the world around us.”
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  Thank You