Bluetooth.pptx
- 1. Bluetooth Presented By : Abdalrahman zakaria Presented To : Dr.Nada Chandab UNIVERSITE LIBANAISE FACULTE DE GENIE BRANCHE I
- 2. Contents Definition. History. Technology Review. Specifications. Classes of Bluetooth. Technology. Protocols. Connection State Machine. Security. Advantages / Disadvantages.
- 3. Definition Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wave length radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. 1 Bluetooth
- 4. Definition it Was Originally a Cable- Replacement Technology 2
- 5. Definition Why it’s name is Bluetooth? 3 Bluetooth was named for the 10th Century Viking king , Harald Bluetooth (haglaz berkanan). The Bluetooth communications protocol is named after this king, because he united all the tiny island kingdoms of Denmark, southern Sweden, and southern Norway into one country much like the technology whose goal was to unify computers and cellular phones. And in addition the technology was developed in Scandinavia.
- 6. Definition Bluetooth logo 4 The Bluetooth logo consists of the Nordic runes for his initials, H ( haglaz ᚼ) and B ( berkanan ᛒ) (Long-branch runes version)
- 7. History 5 •The Bluetooth specification was developed as a cable replacement in 1994 by Ericson’s engineers. Main Goal •The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998. Standardization •They had many problems mainly because they included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the Connecting process rendering anonymity impossible at the protocol level. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B •Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002 Added possibility of non-encrypted channels And Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Bluetooth v1.1 •Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2005 Faster Connection and Discovery and transmission Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Bluetooth v1.2
- 8. History 6 •This version of the Bluetooth Core Specification was released in 2004 and is backward compatible with the previous version 1.2. The main difference is the introduction of an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR •The headline feature of 2.1 is secure simple pairing (SSP): this improves the pairing experience for Bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and strength of security. Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR •The main new feature is AMP (Alternate MAC/PHY), the addition of 802.11 as a high speed transport. Only devices supporting the "+HS" will actually support the Bluetooth over 802.11 high-speed data transfer. Bluetooth v3.0 + HS •which includes Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth high speed and Bluetooth low energy protocols. Bluetooth high speed is based on Wi-Fi, and Classic Bluetooth consists of legacy Bluetooth protocols. Bluetooth v4.0
- 9. History 7 Comparison Version Data rate Maximum application throughput Version 1.2 1 Mbit/s 0.7 Mbit/s Version 2.0 + EDR 3 Mbit/s 2.1 Mbit/s Version 3.0 + HS 24 Mbit/s 3 Mbit/s Low energy Version 4.0 1 Mbit/s high speed Version 4.0 480 Mb/s
- 10. Technology Review Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Supports data rate of 1 Mb/s(originally). The Bluetooth specifications are developed and licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). Key features : low power, and low cost, and the fact that it has become a universal standard for exchanging data amongst a range of fixed and mobile devices. In addition, Bluetooth wireless technology has the ability to simultaneously handle both data and voice transmissions. This means that users can use a variety of applications such as a hands- free headset for voice calls, printing and fax capabilities, and synchronizing PDAs, laptop, and mobile phone applications. 8
- 11. Specifications 9 Connection Type Spread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping) MAC Scheme FH-CDMA Spectrum 2.4 GHz ISM Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying Transmission Power 1 mw – 100 mw Aggregate Data Rate 1 Mbps Range 30 ft Supported Stations 8 devices Voice Channels 3 Data Security- Authentication Key 128 bit key Data Security-Encryption Key 8-128 bits (configurable)
- 12. Classes of Bluetooth Bluetooth devices are classified according to three different power classes 10 Class Maximum permitted power Range (m) (mW) (dBm) Class 1 100 20 ~100 Class 2 2.5 4 ~10 Class 3 1 0 ~5 The effective range varies due to propagation conditions, material coverage, production sample variations, antenna configurations and battery conditions
- 13. Spread spectrum frequency-hopping • Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz (available and unlicensed in most countries), 11 Spread-spectrum is good for several reasons : Resistant to narrowband interference. Share a frequency band with minimal interference. Very difficult to intercept secure frequency-hopping chop up the data on up to 79 frequencies. using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec. The 2.4 GHz ISM band is.
- 14. Technology Overview Bluetooth communication always designates the Bluetooth devices as master or slave units. This allows the Bluetooth system to be non- contention based (no collisions). 12 Single-slave (Point to Point Link, Bluetooth devices can function as masters or slaves) Multi-slave. Scatternet
- 15. Technology Piconets A set of BLUETOOTH devices sharing a common channel is called a PICONET 13 Master Active Slave Parked Slave Standby Slaves can not directly send data to each other. up to 7 active slaves in a piconet but only one master. Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps).
- 16. Technology Scatternets A set of two or more interconnected piconets form scatternets 14 Bluetooth units can only transmit and receive data in one piconet at a time. Piconets may be identified by the master's identity and clock. gateway
- 17. Protocols 15 Application Framework and Support Radio & Baseband Host Controller Interface RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Applications Data Transport Protocol Group Middleware Protocol Group Application Group Link Manager and L2CAP
- 18. Protocols 16 Radio Protocol Responsible for the mod/demo of data into RF signals. The radio layer describes the physical characteristics a Bluetooth device’s receiver-transmitter component must have. BASEBAND PROTOCOL Responsible for channel coding and decoding. Digitizes the signals received by the radio for passing up the stack. Formats the data it receives from the Link Controller (upper protocol) for transmission over the channel. Link Controller Responsible for establishing and maintaining the links between Bluetooth units.
- 19. Protocols 17 The Link Manager Protocol (LMP) Handles link setup, authentication, link configuration and security procedures. Establishes all connections with the help of baseband protocol. Host Controller Interface The Host Controller Interface (HCI) defines uniform methods for accessing and controlling the lower layers of the protocol stack (baseband and the link manager). Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) Responsible for: Establishing connections across existing ACL (Asynchronous Connection-oriented) links or requesting an ACL link if one does not already exist. Repackaging the data packets it receives from the higher layers into the form expected by the lower layers.
- 20. Protocols 18 Service Discovery Protocol Defines procedures for Discovering services of other devices. Determining the characteristics of those services. Telephony Control Protocol Specification (TCS) defines call: Control signaling for establishing speech and data calls between Bluetooth devices, providing them with telephony services. RFCOMM is a serial line emulation protocol and is based on ETSI 07.10 specification. This “cable replacement” protocol emulates RS-232 control and data signals over Bluetooth baseband, providing both transport capabilities for upper level services (e.g. OBEX) that use serial line as transport mechanism.
- 21. Protocols 19 PPP : is designed to run over RFCOMM to accomplish point-to-point connections. PPP is the IETF Point-to-Point Protocol and PPP- Networking is the means of taking IP packets to/from the PPP layer and placing them onto the LAN. TCP/UDP/IP : The implementation of these standards in Bluetooth devices allows for communication with any other device connected to the Internet: The Bluetooth device, should it be a Bluetooth cellular handset or a data access point for example is then used as a bridge to the Internet. TCP/IP/PPP is used for the all internet Bridge usage scenarios in Bluetooth1.0 and for OBEX in future versions. OBEX : developed to exchange objects in a simple and spontaneous manner. OBEX, which provides the same basic functionality as HTTP but in a much lighter fashion, uses a client-server model and is independent of the transport mechanism and transport API In addition, the OBEX protocol defines a folder-listing object, which is used to browse the contents of folders on remote device.
- 22. Connection State Machine 20 Inquiry Scan : device enter this mode and listen for inquiry packets. Inquiry : device send an Inquiry packet, repeat the transmission. Inquiry Response : send FHS after receiving an inquiry message
- 23. Connection State Machine 21 Page : the master determine where the slave might be listening in the page scan mode, it sends a page message. Page Scan : slave enter this substate from the standby or the connection state. Page Response : slave enter it On receiving the page message.
- 24. Connection State Machine 22 Sniff Mode : low power mode in wich the listening activity of slave is reduced. Park Mode : slave stays synchronized to the channel, slaves regulary listen for beacon signals at intervals decided by the beacon structure, any message to be sent to a parked member are sent over the broadcast channel.
- 25. Security 23 Hello, I am looking for bluetooth devices Hello, I am an available Bluetooth device Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronization
- 26. Security 24 Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronization What is your authentification Code ? 1234… This code has to be typed on your keyboard Ok ! Now we are paired
- 27. Security 25 Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronization What type of profile do you support ? I can do headset and hands-free. What about you ?
- 28. Security 26 Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronization Ok, we are now connected in Hands-free. I can do hands-free.
- 29. Security 27 Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronization To complete my phonebook, I have to synchronise with your contacts Ok, I transfer my 163 contacts.
- 30. Advantages / Disadvantages 28 Advantages Eliminates wires. Facilitates Data and Voice Communication. Offers formation of Ad hoc networks. Standardized protocol. Free of charge. Easy to use. Low power consumes battery less. Stationary and mobile environments.
- 31. Advantages / Disadvantages 29 Disadvantages Relatively short range. Less secure. Interference with other devices. Mediocre Data rates. Bluetooth internet connection gets slow sometimes.
- 32. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- #4: 3- Creating personal area networks (PANs). 1- Bluetooth is a short-range and low power wireless technology 2- Originally developed for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices,
- #8: Main Goal : it was a cable replacement 1994 in 1998 standardization : formalized by Special interest Group 1998 In 2002 ratified as IEEE Standard 802 v1.2 faster connection and discovery and transmission adaptative frequency-hopping spread spectrum .. Resistance to radio
- #14: +frequency-hopping spread spectrum works by chopping up the data that is being sent, and transmitting sections of it on up to 79 frequencies +Spread-spectrum is good for several reasons : -The signals are very resistant to narrowband interference, which means the transmissions are more likely to reach their destination quickly and intact. - Spread-spectrum transmissions can share a frequency band with many types of conventional transmissions with minimal interference. - Spread-spectrum signals are also very difficult to intercept, making the technology relatively secure – except for some early security issues.
- #15: Bluetooth communication always designates one of the Bluetooth devices as a main controlling unit or master unit. Other devices that follow the master unit are slave units No collisions : This means that after a Bluetooth device has been added to the piconet, each device is assigned a specific time period to transmit and they do not collide or overlap with other units operating within the same piconet.
- #16: 1-One device acts as a master and the devices connected to it act as slaves/2-a/3-In effect, the master acts as a switch for the piconet and all traffic must pass through the master/4-There can be b.
- #17: -A Bluetooth unit can be a slave in two or more piconets, but it can be a master in only one. -Devices that participate in two or more piconets may act as “gateways.” - Devices give notification of inactivation to master before becoming inactive in its piconet for a finite length of time.
- #20: Allow many different applications to use a single ACL link through multiplexing.
- #21: Allow many different applications to use a single ACL link through multiplexing.
- #23: Inquiry Scan : A device that wants to be discovered will periodically enter this mode and listen for inquiry packets. Inquiry : Device sends an Inquiry packet addressed to GIAC or DIAC / Transmission is repeated on the inquiry hop sequence of frequencies. Inquiry Response : When an inquiry message is received in the inquiry scan state, a response packet (FHS) containing the responding device address must be sent after a random number of slots.
- #24: Page : The master uses the clock information, about the slave to be paged, to determine where in the hop sequence, the slave might be listening in the page scan mode. / The master sends a page message Page Scan : The page scan substate can be entered by the slave from the standby state or the connection state. Page Response : On receiving the page message, the slave enters the slave page response substate
- #25: Sniff Mode : This is a low power mode in which the listening activity of the slave is reduced. Park Mode : This is a very low power mode with very little activity / The slave however, stays synchronized to the channel / The parked slaves regularly listen for beacon signals at intervals decided by the beacon structure communicated to the slave during the start of parking / Any message to be sent to a parked member are sent over the broadcast channel / It also helps the master to have more than seven slaves.