BMW[1].pptx community health nursing-2..

II
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Submitted To:
RESP. PRAVEEN MA’AM
Faculty of CON, VMMC & SJH
Submitted By:
Mamta
02450306619
B. Sc(hons) Nursing 4th Year
CON ,VMMC & SJH

INTRODUCTION
In July 1998,first BMW rules were notified by
govt of India and ministry of environment and
forest {MOFF}. The BMW 1998 rules were
modified in the following years- 2000, 2011,
2016, 2018 and 2019.
This rule Applies to those who generate ,
collect ,receive , store , treat Biomedical waste
in any manner.

DEFINITION
Any waste, which is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of
human beings or animals , research
activities or in the production or testing
of biological products or in health camps,
is referred to as bio-medical waste.

IMPORTANCE OF BMW
 It is crucial to protect the environment and
public health.
 Direct health risk to the general population,
health care professionals.

Categor
y
Type of waste Type of bag or
container to be
used
Treatment and
disposal option
Yellow a.) Human anatomical waste:
Human tissues, organs, body
parts and foetus below the
viability period .
Yellow coloured
non-chlorinated
plastic bag.
Incineration, deep
burial.
b.) Animal anatomical waste:
Experimental animal carcasses
, body parts, organs, waste
generated from animal testing
in veterinary hospitals.
Yellow coloured
non-chlorinated
plastic bag.
Incineration, deep
burial.
c.) Soiled waste: Items
contaminated with blood
fluids like dressings, plaster
caste, cotton swabs.
Yellow coloured
non-chlorinated
plastic bag.
Incineration, deep
burial, autoclaving,
microwaving.

Category Type of waste Type of bag or
container to be
used
Treatment and
disposal option
Yellow d.) Expired or discarded
medicines: Pharmaceutical
waste like antibiotics,
cytotoxic drugs including all
items contaminated with
cytotoxic drugs along with
glass or plastic ampoules,
etc…
Yellow coloured
non-chlorinated
plastic bags or
containers.
Return back to the
manufacturer for
incineration.
e.) Chemical waste:
Chemicals used in production
of biological and used or
discarded disinfectants.
Yellow coloured
non-chlorinated
plastic bags or
containers.
Incineration,
pyrolysis.

Catego
ry
Type of waste Type of bag or
container to be used
Treatment and
disposal option
Yello
w
f.) Chemical liquid waste:
Discarded formalin , infected
secretions, aspirated body
fluids, liquid from disinfecting
activities.
Separate collection
system.
The chemical liquid
waste shall be pre-
treated before
mixing with other
waste water.
g.) Discarded linen, mattresses,
beddings contaminated with
blood or body fluids.
Non-chlorinated
yellow plastic bag.
Chemical
disinfection,
shredding,
incineration.
h.) Microbiology,
biotechnology and other
clinical laboratory waste:
Blood bags ,laboratory
specimens of micro-organisms,
live or attenuated vaccines.
Autoclave safe
bag or containers.
Pre-treat to sterilize
with non-
chlorinated
chemicals on site
and thereafter for
incineration.

container to be
used
Treatment an
disposal option
Red Contaminated waste
(Recyclable): Tubings, bottles,
catheters, urine bags, syringes
,gloves.
Red coloured
chlorinated
plastic bag or
container.
Autoclaving,
microwaving,
followed by
shredding .Treated
waste to be sent to
registered or
authorized
recyclers.
White
(Transl
ucent)
Waste sharps including: metals
Needles, scalpels, blades,
contaminated metal sharp.
Puncture proof,
leak proof,
tamper proof
containers.
Autoclaving
,followed by
shredding and send
for final disposal to
iron foundries.

container to be
used
Treatment an
disposal option
Blue a.) Glassware: Broken or
discarded and contaminated
glass including vials and
ampoules except those
contaminated with cytotoxic
waste.
b.) Metallic body implants.
Cardboard boxes
with blue coloured
marking.
Disinfection,
autoclaving,
microwaving and
then sent for
recycling.

SOURCES OF WASTE
MAJOR SOURCES
* Hospitals/ dispensaries.
* Medical colleges,
research centers.
* Blood banks, mortuaries.
* Nursing homes.
MINOR SOURCES
* Dental clinics
* vaccination centers.
* psychiatric clinics
/wards.
* Cosmetic clinics.

HEALTH HAZARDS OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
 Proliferation of rodents.
 Breeding of flies and insects.
 Air pollution.
 Land pollution.
 Water pollution.
 Transmission of infections like HIV, Hepatitis-B and other
microbes.
 Bad odour.

THE MAIN GROUPS AT RISK ARE
Doctors, nurses, hospital maintenance personnel.
Patients.
Visitors
Workers in laundries, waste handling, transportation
Workers in waste disposal facilities such as land –fills
or incinerators.

CATEGORY OF WASTE
1. YELLOW- yellow colored non- chlorinated plastic bags
are used.
* human anatomical waste, animal anatomical waste,
expired medicines, mask and gown, PVC Blood bags,
laboratory waste.
* Cytotoxic drugs and waste with cytotoxic symbol on bag.
* Discarded linen and bedding.
* Soiled waste [ dressing , bandage and cotton swabs]
TREATMENT- Incineration , Deep burial, Autoclaving,
chemical disinfection.

.
2. RED – Includes contaminated waste { Recyclable}
Red colored non- chlorinated plastic bag container.
*Tubings – IV sets, NG tube
*Catheters
* Used gloves
* Urine bags and specimen container
* syringe
* IV plastic bottles
TREATMENT- Autoclaving, microwaving , chemical
treatment and send to reclycling.

.
3. BLUE [ box]- puncture proof and leak proof boxes.
* Glassware { vials ,Ampoules, glass bottles}
* Used slides
* Metallic body implant.
TREATMENT- Autoclaving,
Microwaving, Disinfection
and then send for recycling.

.
4. WHITE [ Translucent]- puncture proof ,leak proof,
temper proof container with the cutting device on it’s
top.
*Waste sharps
* blades
* sutures
* Needles
TREATMENT- Shredding, disinfection,
autoclaving and then send to iron
foundries.

5. GENERAL WASTE
BLUE BIN
• Dry waste
• Paper
• Cardboard
GREEN BIN
• Wet waste
• Vegetables
• Fruits

STEPS FOR EFFECTIVE
MANAGEMENT OF BMW
1. Survey of waste generated.
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Collection and categorization of waste
4. Storage of waste
5. Transportation of waste .
6. Treatment of waste

WASTE SURVEY
Differentiate the types of waste
 Quantity the waste generated .
Determine the points of generation and types
of waste generated at each point .
Determine the level of generation and
disinfection within the hospital.

SEGREGATION
It refers to the basic separation of different
category of waste generated at source and thereby
reducing the risks as well as cost of handling and
disposal.
Segregation is the most crucial step in BMW
management.
Effective segregation alone can ensure effective
BMW management.

BMW[1].pptx community health nursing-2..

LABELING OF CONTAINERS
 The bins and bags should carry
the biohazard symbol indicating the
nature of waste to the patient and
public.
 Labels shall be non washable and
prominently visible.
 Cytotoxic waste should be
labelled with appropriate symbol.

COLLECTION
The collection of BMW involves of different types of
containers :-
 All the bags used for waste collection need to be sealed
once they are filled to ¾ th of their capacity.
 Sharps box should be puncture proof , leak proof, tamper
proof to avoid injuries and infection to the waste handlers.
 BMW should be handled properly by using universal
precautions to prevent from any kind of infection.

STORAGE OF BMW
 Once collection occurs then biomedical waste is stored in
proper place. Segregated waste of different categories
need to be collected in identifiable containers.
 This is a short term storage location inside a hospital
where various waste kinds should be delivered for secure
holding until they are treated or collected for shipment to
CBMWTF.
[ COMMON BIOMEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY]

TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE
 The waste should be transported within 24 hours to the central
BMW storage facility of the hospital.
 The containers should be tied before transportation.
 Container should be accompanied with a signed document by
nurse/doctors mentioning date , shift ,quantity and destination.

TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
 INCINERATION – The volume and weight of
waste are significantly reduced through the high
temperature dry oxidation process known as
incineration.
 Incineration is usually done for those wastes that
cannot be reused ,recycled,or disposed off in a
landfill act site.

.
 CHEMICAL DISINFECTION- 1-2% Hypochlorite is
mixed to waste which result in disinfection. More
suitable for liquid waste such as discarded blood and
body fluid and also for hospital sewage .
 AUTOCLAVING- It is a thermal process where
steam is brought into direct contact with waste in a
controlled manner and for sufficient duration to
sterilize the wastes.
 It is mainly used for the treatment of infectious
plastic and sharp waste.

.
 MICROWAVING- Radio-frequency waves used at a
frequency of 2450 MHz. They produce friction of
molecules which generates heat . Large size
are used for disposal of BMW- mainly infectious
and sharp wastes .
 SHREDDER- Shredding is a process by which wastes
are de-shaped or cut into smaller pieces so as to make
the wastes unrecognizable.
- It helps in prevention of reuse of BMW and also
helps to reduce the waste volume.

.
 INERTIZATION- The process of inertization involves mixing
waste with cement and other substances before disposal to
minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste
migrating to surface or groundwater.
- 65% pharmaceutical waste.
- 15% lime.
- 15% cement.
- 5% water.
 LANDFILL OR LAND DISPOSAL
Open dumps: not recommended.
Sanitary landfills: Disposing of certain types of health-care
waste (infectious waste and small quantities of pharmaceutical
waste) in sanitary landfills is acceptable.

ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Avoid needle stick injuries.
 Avoid spilling and clean them with disinfectant.
 Proper labeling should be done of the bags.
 Make the provision of safe segregation, handling and transport
of BMW.
 Use universal precautions to avoid infection.
 Immunize self and others time to time and maintain the
records. Report major accidents.

CONTINUED..
 Regular visits of all the wards and high risk units.
Ensuring that samples [ Blood ,Stool, Urine etc..] are
collected and dispose safely .
 Supervising whether the staff are doing safe
disposal of waste as per color coding.
 Prevention of hospital acquired infections by
following universal precautions.

SUMMARY
This Presentation includes the definition of the BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT –
• IMPORTANCE , CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE ,
• SOURCES OF WASTE, CATEGORIES OF WASTE ,
• HEALTH HAZARDS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE,
• TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES ,
• EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT,
• WASTE SURVEY,COLLECTION ,SEGREGATION ,
• LABELING OF WASTE ,STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION,
• ROLE OF NURSE IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.

BMW[1].pptx community health nursing-2..

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