Border Ballad

Border Ballad

• 1.
  Border Ballads/ 境界のバラード TheAnglo-Scottish border has a long tradition of balladry, such that a whole group of songs exists that are often called "border ballads", because they were collected in that region. Ballads are narrative verse and those borne of the border regions celebrate lives and events from both the Anglo and Scottish sides. As James Reed points out: “The Borders is not a line but an area, in many respects historically and traditionally almost an independent region, certainly so in the eyes of the inhabitants who gave us the Ballads”. イギリスとスコットランドの境界には、そのような境目の地域で 集められたので、「境界のバラード」と呼ばれる一連のバラードが ある。バラードとは物語のような歌であるが、イギリスとスコット ランドの両方から称賛される人や出来事についてである。ジェー ムズ・リードは次のように言う。「ボーダーは線ではなく、地域で ある。多くの点で、歴史的にも伝統的にも独立した地域であり、そ れゆえ、その地域に住む人々のバラード、ということができる。」
• 2.
  Recording a violent,clannish world of fierce hatreds and passionate loyalties, the ballads tell vivid tales of raids, feuds and betrayals, romances and acts of revenge. They celebrate ungovernable heroes and powerful women, often in laments for the murderous results of breaking tribal codes, and they evoke the presence of an older border, between the natural and the supernatural worlds. Most ballads date from the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries but continued to be sung for hundreds of years and are being revived today. Many tell of real incidents, others give folklore stories a local setting. They belong to a popular art form, and thus for many centuries to an oral tradition, and are sung or spoken in either Scots or North-East dialect. 暴力、激しい憎しみと熱狂的な忠誠心の世界を記録し、ボーダー・ バラードは、襲撃、仲違い、裏切り、ロマンス、復讐などを生き生き と描き出している。誰にも従わない英雄や力強い女性たちが登場 し、しばしば仲間の掟を破って殺人事件が起きることになる。そし て、自然と超自然の間にある古い境界をも思い起こさせる。
• 3.
  多くのボーダー・バラードは１５世紀、１６世紀に起源を持つが、 何百年のも間歌い継がれ、今日でも歌われている。その多くは実際 に起きた出来事についてであるが、中にはその地域を舞台とした 民話の場合もある。大衆文化の一形式であり、それゆえ何世紀もの 間、口承で伝えられてきた。スコットランド語か北東方言で歌われ ている。 Until the NineteenthCentury, no one regarded border ballads as something that could be taken seriously, or even as something that merited interest - either for their own sake, the culture they told of, or their art. Few therefore existed in print. Border ballads, like all traditional ballads, were traditionally sung unaccompanied by instrumental music. There may be a repeating motif, but there is no "chorus" as in most popular songs. The supernatural is a common theme in Border ballads, as are recountings of raids and battles. １９世紀まで、誰もボーダー・バラードを真面目に取り上げる ことはしなかったし、それ自身で何かしら意義のあるもの、
• 4.
  それが伝える文化やその芸術性に意義があるものとは考え られていなかった。 ボーダー・バラードは、多くの伝統的なバラードと同じよう に、楽器なしで歌われていた。繰り返されるモチーフはあっ たかもしれないが、ポピュラー・ソングのような「コーラス」 はない。ボーダー・バラードでは、襲撃や戦さ歌われている ように、超自然的な出来事も非常によく取り上げられている。 Tam Lin The mainpoint (as far as the supernatural is concerned) is that the fairies are not from the “Christian” world (see lines 90-92 ‘For’s sake that died on tree’= (for his sake that died on tree= Jesus Christ: the word “tree” was used instead of “cross” often in these early poems, possibly reflecting still vestigial nature worship) ‘If eer ye was in holy chapel’= (“did you ever go to church?”)
• 5.
  ‘Or chirstendom didsee?’ (“are you part of human (Christian) society?”) Fairies are called aos si in Gaelic (Gaelic is the culture of ancient Scotland and Ireland before invasion by the Romans). “The fairies are variously said be the ancestors, the spirits of nature, or goddesses and gods.” ( The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries By W. Y. Evans- Wentz) The poem indirectly recalls pagan times. （超自然的な現象に関して）重要な点は、妖精は「キ リスト教」世界に由来はし ていないということである。（９０行から９２行、木の上で死んだために。初期の詩では、イエス・ キリストが死んだのは「十字架」の上ではなく、「木」の上となっている。おそ らく自然崇拝の名残を表していると思われる。）『もし教会に行ったのなら』、『あ なたは人（キリスト教会）の仲間か？』。ゲール語で妖精はアオス　スィと呼ば れる。ゲールはローマに侵略される以前のスコットランドとアイルランドの古代 文化である。妖精たちは祖先と呼ばれたり、自然の聖霊と呼ばれたり、女神・神々 と呼ばれたり、様々な呼ばれ方がされている。（W・Y・Evans-Wentz 著『ケルトの 国々の妖精』）これらの詩は、異教の時代を間接的にではあるが呼び覚ましてい る。
• 6.
  TAM LIN (1) OI FORBID you, maidens a’, That wear gowd on your hair, To come or gae by Carterhaugh, For young Tam Lin is there. There’s nane that gaes by Carterhaugh But they leave him a wad, a ‘whatever’ Either their rings, or green mantles, Or else their maidenhead. Janet has kilted her green kirtle (10) A little aboon her knee, And she has broded her yellow hair A little aboon her bree, *brow And she’s awa to Carterhaugh, As fast as she can hie. *go When she came to Carterhaugh Tam Lin was at the well, And there she fand his steed standing, But away was himsel. She had na pu’d a double rose, (20) A rose but only twa, Till up then started young Tam Lin, Says, Lady, thou’s pu nae mae. *you won’t pull any more Why pu’s thou the rose, Janet, And why breaks thou the wand? Or why comes thou to Carterhaugh Withoutten my command?
• 7.
  ‘Carterhaugh, it ismy ain, My daddie gave it me; I’ll come and gang by Carterhaugh, *go (30) And ask nae leave at thee.’ Janet has kilted her green kirtle A little aboon her knee, And she has snooded her yellow hair A little aboon her bree, And she is to her father’s ha, As fast as she can hie. Four and twenty ladies fair Were playing at the ba, And out then cam the fair Janet, (40) Ance the flower amang them a’. Four and twenty ladies fair Were playing at the chess, And out then cam the fair Janet, As green as onie glass. Out then spak an auld grey knight, Lay oer the castle wa, And says, Alas, fair Janet, for thee But we’ll be blamed a’. Haud your tongue, ye auld fac’d knight, (50) Some ill death may ye die! Father my bairn on whom I will, I’ll father nane on thee.’ Out then spak her father dear, And he spak meek and mild; ‘And ever alas, sweet Janet,’ he says I think thou gaes wi child.’ ‘If that I gae wi child, father, Mysel maun bear the blame; There’s neer a laird about your ha (60) Shall get the bairn’s name. ‘If my love were an earthly knight, As he’s an elfin grey, I wad na gie my ain true-love For nae lord that ye hae. The steed that my true-love rides on Is lighter than the wind; Wi siller he is shod before, Wi burning gowd behind.’ *gold
• 8.
  Janet has kiltedher green kirtle (70) A little aboon her knee, And she has snooded her yellow hair A little aboon her bree, And she’s awa to Carterhaugh, As fast as she can hie. When she cam to Carterhaugh, Tam Lin was at the well And there she fand his steed standing, But away was himsel. She has na pu’d a double rose, (80) A rose but only twa, Till up then started young Tam Lin, Says Lady, thou pu’s nae mae. Why pu’s thou the rose, Janet, Amang the groves sae green, And a’ to kill the bonie babe That we gat us between? ‘O tell me, tell me, Tam Lin,’ she says, ‘For’s sake that died on tree, If eer ye was in holy chapel, (90) Or chirstendom did see?’ ‘Roxbrugh he was my grandfather, Took me with him to bide, And ance it fell upon a day That wae did me betide. ‘And ance it fell upon a day, A cauld day and a snell, When we were frae the hunting come, That frae my horse I fell; The Queen o Fairies she caught me, (100) In yon green hill to dwell. ‘And pleasant is the fairy land, But, an eerie tale to tell, Ay at the end of seven years We pay a tiend to hell; I am sae fair and fu o flesh, I’m feard it be mysel. ‘But the night is Halloween, lady, The morn is Hallowday; Then win me, win me, an ye will, (110) For weel I wat ye may.
• 9.
  ‘Just at themirk and midnight hour The fairy folk will ride, And they that wad their true-love win, At Miles Cross they maun bide.’ But how shall I thee ken, Tam Lin, Or how my true-love know, Amang sae mony unco knights The like I never saw?’ ‘O first let pass the black, lady, (120) And syne let pass the brown, But quickly run to the milk-white steed, Pu ye his rider down. ‘For I’ll ride on the milk-white steed, And ay nearest the town; Because I was an earthly knight They gie me that renown. ‘My right hand will be glovd, lady, My left hand will be bare, Cockt up shall my bonnet be, (130) And kaimd down shall my hair, And thae’s the takens I gie thee, Nae doubt I will be there. ‘They’ll turn me in your arms, lady, Into an esk and adder; But hold me fast, and fear me not, I am your bairn’s father. ‘They’ll turn me to a bear sae grim, And then a lion bold; But hold me fast, and fear me not, (140) As ye shall love your child. ‘Again they’ll turn me in your arms To a red het gaud of airn; *rod of iron But hold me fast, and fear me not, I’ll do to you nae harm. ‘And last they’ll turn me in your arms Into the burning gleed; *ember Then throw me into well water, O throw me in wi speed. ‘And then I’ll be your ain true-love, (150) I’ll turn a naked knight; Then cover me wi your green mantle, And cover me out o sight.’
• 10.
  Gloomy, gloomy wasthe night, And eerie was the way, As fair Jenny in her green mantle To Miles Cross she did gae. About the middle o the night She heard the bridles ring; This lady was as glad at that (160) As any earthly thing. First she let the black pass by, And syne she let the brown; But quickly she ran to the milk-white steed, And pu’d the rider down. Sae weel she minded whae he did say, And young Tam Lin did win; Syne coverd him wi her green mantle, As blythe’s a bird in spring. Out then spak the Queen o Fairies, (170) Out of a bush o broom: ‘Them that has gotten young Tam Lin Has gotten a stately groom.’ Out then spak the Queen o Fairies, And an angry woman was she: ‘Shame betide her ill-far’d face, And an ill death may she die, For she’s taen awa the boniest knight In a’ my companie. ‘But had I kend, Tam Lin,’ she says, (180) ‘What now this night I see, I wad hae taen out thy twa grey een, And put in twa een o tree.’ Janet falls in love with Tam Lin, who appears to be a Fairy Prince. She gets pregnant and she thinks of not having the baby because her family gets angry with her, but Tam Lin says she should have their baby. She asks him if he is human (that is not really a fairy) and Tam Lin says that as a child he was out hunting and he was kidnapped by the Queen of the Fairies (so he is human). Now he is afraid that he will be given as a payment/sacrifice to hell. He asks Janet to save him. He will be riding on a white horse at midnight on Halloween and she has to go up to the white horse and seize the rider and then he will change into some dangerous things, like a snake and a hot iron rod, but she has to hold on to him no matter what. She does this and he is saved, and turns back into a knight. And they are successful but the Queen of the Fairies is very angry
• 11.
  and says thatshe should have given Tam Lin two eyes made of wood if she had known he would leave her. (But it’s too late and the spell is broken so Tam Lin, Janet and their unborn baby are all safe). ジャネットは妖精の王子かもしれないタムリンと出会い、恋に落ちます。彼女は妊娠します。家族に 怒られるから、生まない事を考えますが、タムリンは生むことを進めます。ジャネットはタム リンに彼は人間か(妖精ではないのか)を問います。タムリンは子供のころに狩りをしていて 妖精の女王に誘拐された(人間である)と言います。彼は地獄へ生贄にされることを恐れてい ます。ジャネットに助けてくれるように頼みます。。。。（続けてください） Sir Patrick Spens (1) HIE sits oor king in Dumfermline, Sits birlin at the wine; Says, Whare will I get a bonnie boy That will sail the saut seas fine? That will hie owre to Norraway, To bring my dear dochter hame? Up it spak a bonnie boy, Sat by the king’s ain knie: ‘Sir Patrick Spens is as gude a skipper (10) As ever sailed the sea.’ The king has wrote a broad letter, And signed it wi his hand, And sent it to Sir Patrick Spens, To read it gif he can. The firsten line he luikit on, A licht lauchter gae he; But ere he read it to the end, The tear blindit his ee. ‘O wha is this, or wha is that, (20) Has tauld oor king o me? I wad hae gien him twice as muckle thank To latten that abee!
• 12.
  ‘But eat andrink, my merrie young men, Eat, an be weel forn; For blaw it wind, or blaw it weet, Oor gude ship sails the morn.’ Up it spak his youngest son, Sat by Sir Patrick’s knie: ‘I beg you bide at hame, father, (30) An I pray be ruled by me. ‘For I saw the new mune late yestreen, Wi the auld mune in her arms; An ever an alake, my father dear, It’s a token o diedly storms.’ ‘It’s eat an drink, my merrie young men, Eat, an be weel forn; For blaw it wind, or blaw it weet, Oor gude ship sails the morn.’ They hadna sailed a league, a league, (40) A league but only three, When the whirlin wind an the ugly jaws Cam drivin to their knie. They hadna sailed a league, a league, A league but only five, When the whirlin wind an the ugly jaws Their gude ship began to rive. They hadna sailed a league, a league, A league but only nine, When the whirlin wind an the ugly jaws (50) Cam drivin to their chin. ‘O whaur will I get a bonnie boy Will tak the steer in hand, Till I mount up to oor tapmast, To luik oot for dry land?’ ‘O here am I, a bonnie boy, Will tak the steer in hand, Till you mount up to oor tapmast, To luik oot for dry land.’ He’s gaen up to the tapmast, (60) To the tapmast sae hie; He luikit around on every side, But dry land he couldna see. He luikit on his youngest son, An the tear blindit he ee;
• 13.
  Says, I wishyou had been in your mother’s bowr, But there you’ll never be. ‘Pray for yoursels, my merrie young men, Pray for yoursels an me, For the first landen that we will land (70) Will be in the boddam o the sea.’ Then up it raise the mermaiden, Wi the comb an glass in her hand: ‘Here’s a health to you, my merrie young men, For you never will see dry land.’ O laith, laith waur oor gude Scots lords To weet their cork-heeled shoon; But lang, lang ere the play was played, Their yellow locks soomed aboun. There was Saturday, an Sabbath day, (80) An Monnonday at morn, That feather-beds an silken sheets Can floatin to Kinghorn. It’s och, och owre to Aberdour, It’s fifty faddoms deep; An there lie a’ oor gude Scots lords, Wi Sir Patrick Spens at their feet. O lang, lang will his lady sit, Wi the fan into her hand, Until she see her ain dear lord (90) Come sailin to dry land. O lang, lang will his lady sit, Wi the tear into her ee, Afore she see her ain dear lord Come hieing to Dundee. O lang, lang will his lady sit, Wi the black shoon on her feet, Afore she see Sir Patrick Spens Come drivin up the street. Write a simple summary of the plot in English. What are the supernatural elements?