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Brain and Nervous System
- 1. Brain and NervousSystem Presented :Mehwish Mushtaq
- 3. Brain and nervoussystem Brain is like a computer that controls the body’s functions, and the nervous system is like a network that relays massage to parts of the body. Brain is made up of millions and millions of nerve cells called neurons.
- 4. Brain: The brainis the part of the central nervous system located in the skull. It controls the mental process and physical actions of human being.
- 5. The brain Component: 1:Cerebrum 2: Cerebellum 3: Brain stem
- 6. 1: Cerebrum: The cerebrumor cortex is the largest part of the human brain. The cerebrum control the touch, vision and other senses. The cerebrum is divided into four sections, called “Lobes”. 1: Occipital Lobe 2: Temporal Lobe 3: Parietal Lobe 4: Frontal Lobe
- 8. 1: Occipital Lobe: Associated with visual processing. It is located on the back of the head, and is involved in processing visual information, such as shape, color and motion. Damage: If this lobe is damage causes cross-Eyeing.
- 9. 2: Temporal Lobe Associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech. It is located on the top of the ear, and is involved in hearing language processing and memory. Damage: If this lobe is damage, memory cannot recover. Just old storage no we can new information store. Just like damage to the hippocampus.
- 10. 3: Parietal Lobe Associated with movement,, recognition, perception of stimuli , memory & speech. It is located top of the head and involved in touch, pain, smell, size, shape, color and motor movement. Damage: If damaging this lobe, causes of speech disorder.
- 11. 4: Frontal Lobe Associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving. The frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain. It is controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behavior. Damage: If injury of brain the frontal lobe damage, personality change, aggressive behavior is causes of this.
- 12. 2: Cerebellum The cerebellumis another section of the brain. The cerebellum helps control balance and coordination. Cerebellum play a role in the learning of procedural memory, motor learning. It is located back of the ear. Damage: Difficult with hand writing. Cannot copy correctly from the board. Falls out of others.
- 13. 3: Brain Stem A brain stem is responsible for the most basic function of life. It controls digestion, breathing, and heartbeat. It is sensitive part of our body.
- 14. Continue……. The brain stemrecovers function (for example: if swelling goes down following an injury), than the person can recover the ability to breath on their own. But if the damage is permanent and the brain stem cannot recover there’s nothing to do but take the person off life support because they will never recover consciousness & never be able to breath on their own.
- 16. What is thenervous system? Nervous system is the control and communication system of the body. Its job is to send and receive massages. Nervous system controls all your thoughts and movements.
- 17. Parts of thenervous system 1: Central nervous system 2: peripheral nervous system
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- 20. Central nervous system Thecentral nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
- 21. Central Nervous System: Brain The brain is the major functional unit of the central nervous system. The brain is the control center of the body. There are three main brain divisions: The Forebrain The Midbrain The Hindbrain
- 23. Forebrain The forebrainis the largest part of the brain. Its two major component are the Telencephalon and the Diencephalon.
- 24. Telencephalon The anteriorportion of the forebrain, constituting the cerebral hemispheres and related parts. Also called endbrain.
- 25. Telencephalon are threeprincipal Cerebral Cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System
- 26. Cerebral Cortex Thecerebral cortex is the outer covering of gray matter over the hemispheres. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, thought, language, and consciousness.
- 27. Basal Ganglia Thebasal ganglia Involved in cognition and voluntary movement, routine behaviors or "habits" such as teeth grinding, eye movements and emotion. Diseases related to damages of this area are Parkinson's and Huntington's.
- 28. Limbic system The structuresof the limbic system are involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.
- 29. Diencephalon The Diencephalonis situated b/w the telencephalon and the mesencephalon; its two most important structure are: Thalamus Hypothalamus
- 30. Thalamus The thalamusis a structure within the brain stem that receives sensory information from the nervous system and passes the information to the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain. It works including consciousness, sleep, and sensory interpretation.
- 31. Hypothalamus The hypothalamuscontrols motivated behavior by regulating the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. It is responsible for the four Function’s: Fighting, fleeing, feeding and sex.
- 32. Mid Brain The mesencephalonor midbrain is the portion of the brainstem that connects the hindbrain and the forebrain. A major function of the midbrain is to aid in movement as well as visual and auditory processing. It has two principals: Tectum Tegmentum
- 33. Tectum The tectum(Latin: roof) is a region of the brain. The tectum is responsible for vision and hearing processes.
- 34. Tegmentum The tegmentum(from Latin for "covering") is a general area within the brainstem. The tegmentum controlling eye movements.
- 35. Hind Brain The hindbrainis composed of two regions: the metencephalon and myelencephalon.
- 36. Metencephalon The metencephalon consistof two major parts: Cerebellum Pons
- 37. Cerebellum The “cauliflower”piece in the back of the brain that is responsible for sensorimotor function (the part that helps regulate posture, balance, and coordination).
- 38. Pons The pons isa portion of the hindbrain. The pons is involved in several functions of the body including: Autonomic Function: Breathing Regulation Sleep Injury to the pons may result in sleep disturbances, sensory problems, and coma.
- 39. Myelencephalon: The myelencephaloncontains one major structure, the medulla Oblongata; usually just called the medulla. This structure is most caudal portion of the brain stem; it’s lower border is the rostral end of the spinal cord.
- 40. Spinal cord The spinalcord, running almost the full length of the back, carries information between the brain and body. Along its length, it connects with the nerves of the PNS that run in from the skin, muscles and joints.
- 41. Peripheral nervous system Theperipheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system: Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system
- 42. Somatic Nervous System SomaticNervous System is the part of the peripheral nerves system and controls skeletal muscle as well as external sensory organs.
- 43. Autonomic nervous system Autonomicnervous system is the part of the peripheral nerves system, and controls body function, such as blood flow, heart beat, digestion and breathing. This system divided into two parts: Sympathetic Nerves System Parasympathetic Nerves System
- 44. Sympathetic Nerves System Thesympathetic system is activated during a “fight or flight” situation in which great mental stress or physical danger is encountered
- 45. Parasympathetic Nerves System the parasympathetic system allows the body to function in a “rest and digest” state