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Bs water-treatment-presentation-1-1 finals
- 1. BLD 60403 BUILDINGSERVICES 1 BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS) WATER TREATMENT FOR DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES LECTURER : MR. LEONG BOON TIK
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- 3. Water – UNIVERSALSOLVENT Water treatment is crucially vital for the consumption and for any relevant usage.
- 4. of water treatment Usesof Water
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- 6. human body iscomposed of 70% water IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENT Unfiltered water contains - chlorine - fluoride - dioxins - parasites, etc. those could be hazardous to your health.
- 7. Water treatment inHAEMODIALYSIS CENTRE
- 8. STANDARD/GUIDELINE Association for theAdvancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)
- 9. The Association forthe Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) is a unique alliance of professionals and organizations dedicated to the understanding and beneficial use of medical device technology founded in 1965. health care institutions research and teaching facilities government agencies manufacturers test houses AAMI Members
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- 11. STATION 2, HAEMODIALYSIS CENTRE STATION2, HAEMODIALYSIS CENTRE
- 12. IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENTIN HAEMODIALYSIS CENTRE
- 13. Why water treatmentis important in haemodialysis centre? • Ensuring a safe and effective manner of water delivery to haemodialysis patients • -Average person (10-14 litres ) -Average dialysis patient (≥300 litres)
- 14. • If theyare exposed to such untreated water that carries contaminants which is now directly exposed to their blood, severe complication could occur.
- 16. REVERSE OSMOSIS (R.O)IN DIALYSIS
- 17. Reverse Osmosis inDialysis • Uses a pump to push water through semipermeable membrane or filter • Some common uses include: -drinking water -laboratory applications -water used in chemical processes -houseplants -greenhouses -haemodialysis.
- 18. • RO machineproduces two types of water -product water -reject water. • RO is the most trusted water purification technology because the devices remove dissolved inorganic solutes as well as bacteria and endotoxins. • Safest • most economical method • most reliable water purifier system Reverse Osmosis in Dialysis
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- 20. Design Consideration Choice ofequipment for power and water efficiency Drainage required
- 21. Design Consideration Clearly labelledWater quality monitoring system
- 22. Design Consideration Shall belocated in an area where noise and disruption is minimized.
- 23. How does thewhole treatment works? THE PROCESS
- 24. Backflow preventer Temperature blending valve Pre filter rawwater tank Rocket filter Post filter raw water tank PRE FILTRATION
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- 29. Chemical Contaminants Monitoring FeedWater • Analyzed at least four times a year • Sample can be taken from the water before it enters any part of the water treatment system. ( Sink near the water treatment room) • Samples are sent to qualified lab to analyse them • Monitoring Product Water • Quality testing needed to de done at least quarterly . • Samples should drawn from sample port immediately after the RO system. • Samples are sent to a qualified lab to ensure that no contaminants levels that exceed AAMI standards. • Water quality degrades- have an alarm in the treatment room to alert dialysis centre. • A trend analysis should be done if any contaminants results exceed AAMI standards.
- 30. Microbiological contamination • Monitoringbacteria levels in water • Level shall not exceed AMMI standard (100 CFU/ml) with an action level of 50 CFU/ml. • Samples is taken where all haemodialysis equipment connects to distribution piping system. • Assay of sample: • within 30 minutes of collection or • Immediately stored at temperature between 1-5 ℃ and assayed within 24 hours of collection
- 31. • Monitoring endotoxinlevels in water • Level must not exceed AMMI standards (0.25 EU/ml) with an action level of 0.12 EU/ml. • Measured 6 monthly • Sampling at the point of delivery to haemodialysis equipment • Tested using Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test. Microbiological contamination
- 32. What happen iftest results exceed the action level? Level of bacteria exiting the RO machine Product water distribution system disinfection procedures Examination of the distribution piping system for dead spots that may contribute to bacterial contamination including possible contamination of bacteria filters if they are installed in the distribution system Procedures to isolate the potential problem :
- 33. Correction action : Cleaningand disinfection of RO membrane Disinfection of the product water distribution system Need to make sure that the water hose on the machine is being disinfected. Installation of an endotoxin filter system in the RO water distribution system Increasing the frequency of disinfection of existing bacteria filters
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- 35. Advantages of ReverseOsmosis • Water is demineralized • Eco-friendly • Expandable and space saving • R.O able to remove bacteria and pyrogen ; Deionization filter (DI) coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) machine unable to remove low molecular weight bacterial by-products. (microcystins) Two tanks : one as workers; one as backup exhaust and dump its retained ions
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- 37. Extensive life cyclecost of dialysis water treatment Disadvantages of R.O Acquisition Costs -The price of water treatment unit may vary from depending on specific requirements and design Operation Costs -Expenses in the supply of water and electricity -Recurrent costs include the purchase of consumables goods Service /Maintenance Costs -Inspection of reprocessing machine on regular basis -Repairing for defection in particular systems to preserve the efficiency of the system -Expenditures for quality control measures
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- 39. Possible Problems &Suggestions Problem #1: Bacteria growth Research found that stagnant water, especially those stored in water storage tank which contains large amount of water that no longer have chlorine or chloramine is one of the source of bacteria and endotoxin in the product water. Suggestion #1: Storage tank with specific design consideration Storage tanks shall be: • Conical or bowl-shaped bottom for complete emptying • Having light fitting lid that is vented to air • Designed for easy frequent disinfection and rinse with an internal spray mechanism • Using inert materials that do not leach contaminants into the purified water • Having UV bulbs to kill microorganism
- 40. Problem #2: Improperdesign of RO system For a given system, the higher the percentage of recovery or the lower the percentage of rejection, the poorer the quality of product water becomes Suggestion #2: AAMI chemical analysis • An AAMI chemical analysis shall be performed at least once a year to validate the removal of contaminants by the water treatment system • All gauges and flow meters should be within manufacturer’s specifications and the readings should be recorded daily • Water quality (conductivity or total dissolved solids) should be within normal limits for the area, and checked against an independent device routinely and recorded at least daily
- 41. Problem #3: Highwastage of treated water When treated water does not meet the required standard, it would be regarded as reject water. If the reject stream is not recycled or not returned to the RO system, high wastage will be created. In the centre, these reject water are discard off. Suggestion #3: Such water can be stored or recycled Reject water can be reused in gardens, lawns and landscaping, for toilet flushes as well as other cleaning purpose works or it can be recycled back through a closed loop system.
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- 43. HEALTH IS WEALTH& WATER TREATMENT HALLMARKS IT!
- 44. THANKS! 1. DAPHNE TANLI WEN 0329055 2. KAREN LIM SHI CHEE 0329431 3. LAU WAN YEE 0328947 4. LIM XIAO SHI 0324410 5. LOH WEI TING 0328314