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- 1. MADE BY – RAVIGAUTAM,PRIYADARSHAN(BUDDHISM) TARUN SAINI,PANKAJ NAGPAL(JAINISM) - 12th ARTS
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- 3. Origins Around 530 BCa young prince named Siddhartha Gautama challenged the ideas of the Brahmin priests and created a new world religion . Born in 563 BC into the warrior caste He lived in luxury in his family’s palaces and never experienced pain, suffering, or death He married a beautiful woman and they had a son.
- 4. One day whileriding in his chariot outside the palace walls, Gautama saw a sick man, an old man, and a dead man. He realized that life was an endless cycle of pain and that the only way to escape that cycle was to seek wisdom He left his family when he was about 29 and became a homeless wanderer with five other men who were also seeking wisdom.
- 5. Gautama tried tofind wisdom through physical suffering and harsh discipline but instead he gained only pain. At last, after days of meditating deeply in the shade of a tree, Gautama felt that the truth had come to him At this point, he became to known as “The Enlightened One,” or Buddha.
- 6. Four Noble Truths FirstNoble Truth: Everything in life is suffering and sorrow. Second Noble Truth: The cause of all this pain is people’s self-centered cravings and desires --- people seek pleasure that cannot last and that leads only to rebirth and more suffering. Third Noble Truth: The way to end all pain is to end all desires. Fourth Noble Truth: People can overcome their desires and attain enlightenment by following the Eightfold Path.
- 7. Noble Eightfold Path Hegave an Eightfold path. According to him the eightfold path is a way to end suffering. 1. Right view 2. Right intention 3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right meditation or concentration By following the Eightfold Path, anyone could attain nirvana-- which was the release from all pain and suffering.
- 8. Buddha taught hisfollowers to treat all living things (humans, animals, and even insects) with kindness and love. Buddha eliminated the caste system, the rituals associated with Hinduism, and the ancient language (Sanskrit) of the Vedas and Upanishads. Concerned with all human beings---women as well as men, and lowborn as well as highborn.
- 9. Refuge in theThree Jewels Three things that Buddhists give themselves to, and in return look toward for guidance, in the process known as taking refuge. Buddha – example of Buddha Or more loosely, the wisdom that understands Dharma, and in this regard the Buddha represents the perfect wisdom that sees reality in its true form. Dharma – teachings/laws as expounded by Buddha Sangha – community of those who will help others attain bodhi (enlightenment).
- 10. The most importantsymbol in Buddhism is the Wheel of Life which depicts the cycle of birth and life. The eight spokes symbolize the Eightfold Path. Buddhist teachings & beliefs were recorded in a collection called the Tripitaka.
- 11. Pali Canon (Tipitaka): VinayaPitaka: dealing with rules for monks and nuns Sutta Pitaka: discourses, mostly ascribed to the Buddha, but some to disciples Abhidhamma Pitaka: variously described as philosophy, psychology, metaphysics. Pali Canon is the scripture collection of the Theraveda Buddhist tradition. In Pali language- Pitaka means basket tipitaka means three basket.
- 15. Jainism isa way of life and one of the oldest religions of the world. It believes in a cyclical nature of universe. It discourages superstition and blind faith and encourages free and rational thinking. Jainism lays heavy emphasis on non-violence (ahimsa) and discipline. According to Jain philosophy, all Tirthankaras were born as human beings but they have attained a state of perfection or enlightenment through meditation and self realization. They are the “Gods” of Jains. Jains have always practiced non-violence, vegetarianism, meditation, yoga, and environmentalism.
- 16. •Not to causeharm to any living beings by thoughts, speech or body •Non-violence towards all living creatures, in both thought and action Non-violence (Ahimsa) •Strengthens autonomy of thoughts & speech, and non-possessiveness Multiplicity of Views (Anekäntväd) •A complete detachment from people, places, and material things Non-Possessiveness / Non-Attachment (Aparigraha) •To speak the harmless truth only Truthfulness (Satya) •Not to take anything that is not properly given Non-Stealing (Asteya / Achaurya)
- 17. Jainism believesin Godhood but does not believe God to be the First Cause. God is not a Creator, Preserver or Destroyer of the universe. “God” does not Punish or Reward Each person is responsible for improving life by one’s self-endeavor Each person is capable of achieving Godhood All Living Beings have Souls & are Equal All life is sacred Therefore, living in peace & harmony is essential Elimination of our Karmas is the Path to Liberation & Achievement of Godhood It requires multiple re-births Ultimate Goal of Life To be free from all karma
- 18. The principlesgoverning the successions of life cycles (birth, life, and death) is Karma. The Theory of Karma is founded on the simple law of cause and effect. What we experience now is the result of our own past action and our future is a function of our own choice and making. Explains the role that karmas play in our lives, how we accumulate karmas, and how we get rid of them. Actions of mind, speech, and body bind us with karma and our intentions and the passions determine the duration, strength and the results of the bondage.
- 19. Lord Mahavir- 24th (and final) Tirthankara Born on March 30, 599 B.C. (about 2600 years ago) as a prince in Bihar, India. He attained nirvana in the year 527 B.C. at the age of 72. The ultimate objective of his teaching is how one can attain the total freedom from the cycle of birth, life, and death, and achieve the permanent blissful state (known as liberation, nirvana, absolute freedom, or Moksha.) He shaped the present form of Jainism. Lord Mahavir envisioned men and women to be on equal footing in the matters of spiritual advancement.
- 20. Palm – signifiesassurance; to have faith and change the path of righteousness. Wheel of Dharma – 24 spokes represent the 24 Tirthankaras. The word inside the wheel is ahimsa. Digit of moon – (region of liberated souls) Three dots – (Right Perception/Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct) Overall meaning – After removing all of their karmas, living beings will reside in the world of liberated souls.
- 21. Mahavir Jayanti– celebration of the birth of Lord Mahavir Paryushan Parva – festival of forgiveness Samvatsari Pratikraman – 3 hour prayer to ask for forgiveness Mahavir Nirvan – celebration at Diwali/New Year’s per the lunar calendar
- 22. The idols ofthe 24 Tirthankaras are the same because they represent the quality and virtues of the Tirthankaras, not the physical body. A unique symbol at the bottom of each idol differentiates them.
- 23. All souls areequal Non-Violence Multiplicity of views Non-possessiveness Karma Three jewels: Right Knowledge, Right Faith, Right Conduct
- 24. Code ofConduct for Monks & Nuns (stricter) Code for Laymen and Laywomen Vegetarianism & Non-Violent Practices No Silk, Leather, Animal Products Simplicity of Lifestyle, Non-Materialism Meditation and Introspection Forgiveness is a Moral Doctrine Compassion, Charity & Community Service Preservation of the Environment Jainism is the World’s Only Religion Emphasizing the Environment
- 25. Control anger throughforgiveness Arrogance through humility Deception through honesty Greed through contentment Major emphasis in Jainism is on non- violence (Ahimsa)