Building Scalable Applications using Pivotal Gemfire/Apache Geode

1© Copyright 2013 Pivotal. All rights reserved. 1© Copyright 2013 Pivotal. All rights reserved.
Building scalable applications using
Pivotal GemFire/Apache Geode
Yogesh Mahajan
ymahajan@apache.org

2© Copyright 2013 Pivotal. All rights reserved.
Eliminate disk access in the real time path
Too much I/O
Design roots don’t necessarily apply today
• Too much focus on ACID
• Disk synchronization bottlenecks
Buffers
primarily
tuned for IO
First write to
Log
Second write
to Data Files
We Challenge the traditional RDBMS design NOT SQL

IMDG basic concepts
3
– Distributed memory oriented store
• KV/Objects or JSON
• Queryable, Indexable and transactional
– Multiple storage models
• Replication, partitioning in memory
• With synchronous copies in cluster
• Overflow to disk and/or RDBMS
Handle thousands of concurrent connections
Synchronous replication for
slow changing data
Replicated
Region
Partition for large data or highly transactional data
Partitioned Region
Redundant copy
– Parallelize Java App logic
– Multiple failure detection schemes
– Dynamic membership (elastic)
– Vendors differentiate on
• Query support, WAN, events, etc
Low latency for
thousands of
clients

Key IMDG pattern - Distributed Caching
• Designed to work with existing RDBs
– Read through: Fetch from DB on cache miss
– Write through: Reflect in cache IFF DB write succeeds
– Write behind: reliable, in-order queue and batch write to DB

Traditional RDB integration can be challenging
Memory Tables
(1)
DB WRITER
(2)
(3)
(4)
Memory Tables
(1)
DB WRITER
(2)
(3)
(4)
Synchronous “Write through”
Single point of bottleneck and failure
Not an option for “Write heavy”
Complex 2-phase commit protocol
Parallel recovery is difficult
(1)
Queue
(2)
Updates
Asynchronous,
Batches
DB Synchronizer
(1)
Queue
(2)
DB Synchronizer
Updates
Asynchronous “Write behind”
Cannot sustain high “write” rates
Queue may have to be persistent
Parallel recovery is difficult

Some IMDG, NoSQL offer ‘Shared nothing persistence’
• Append only operation logs
• Fully parallel
• Zero disk seeks
• But, cluster restart requires log
scan
• Very large volumes pose
challenges
Memory
Tables
Append only
Operation logs
OS Buffers
LOG
Compressor
Record1
Record2
Record3
Record1
Record2
Record3
Memory
Tables
Append only
Operation logs
OS Buffers
LOG
Compressor
Record1
Record2
Record3
Record1
Record2
Record3

2004 2008 2014
• Massive increase in data
volumes
• Falling margins per
transaction
• Increasing cost of IT
maintenance
• Need for elasticity in
systems
• Financial Services
Providers (Every major
wall steet bank)
• Department of Defense
• Real Time response needs
• Time to market constraints
• Need for flexible data
models across enterprise
• Distributed development
• Persistence + In-memory
• Global data visibility needs
• Fast Ingest needs for data
• Need to allow devices to
hook into enterprise data
• Always on
• Largest travel Portal
• Airlines
• Trade clearing
• Online gambling
• Largest Telcos
• Large mfrers
• Largest Payroll processor
• Auto insurance giants
• Largest rail systems on
earth
Hybrid Transactional
/Analytics grids
Our GemFire Journey Over The Years

Why OSS? Why Apache?
Ÿ Open Source Software is fundamentally changing buying patterns
– Developers have to endorse product selection (No longer CIO handshake)
– Community endorsement is key to product visibility
– Open source credentials attract the best developers
– Vendor credibility directly tied to street credibility of product
Ÿ Align with the tides of history
– Customers increasingly asking to participate in product development
– Resume driven development forces customers to consider OSS products
– Allow product development to happen with full transparency
Ÿ Apache is where you go to build Open Source street cred
– Transparent, meritocracy which puts developers in charge

Geode Will Be A Significant Apache Project
Ÿ Over a 1000 person years invested into cutting edge R&D
Ÿ 1000+ customers in very demanding verticals
Ÿ Cutting edge use cases that have shaped product thinking
Ÿ Tens of thousands of distributed, scaled up tests that can randomize
every aspect of the product
Ÿ A core technology team that has stayed together since founding
Ÿ Performance differentiators that are baked into every aspect of the
product

Gemfire High Level Architecture

What makes it fast?
Ÿ Minimize copying
– Clients dynamically acquire partitioning meta data for single hop access
– Avoid JVM memory pools to the extent possible
Ÿ Minimize contention points .. avoid offloading to OS scheduler
– Highly concurrent data structures
– Efficient data transmission – Nagle’s Algorithm
Ÿ Flexible consistency model
– FIFO consistency across replicas but NO global ordering across threads
– Promote single row transactions (i.e no transactions)

What makes it fast?
Ÿ Avoid disk seeks
– Data kept in Memory – 100 times faster than disk
– Keep indexes in memory, even when data is on disk
– Direct pointers to disk location when offloaded
Ÿ Tiered Caching
– Eventually consistent client caches
– Avoid Slow receiver problems
Ÿ Partition and parallelize everything
– Data. Application processing (procedures, callbacks), queries, Write behind, CQ/Event processing

“low touch” Usage Patterns
Simple template for TCServer, TC, App servers
Shared nothing persistence, Global session state
HTTP Session management
Set Cache in hibernate.cfg.xml
Support for query and entity caching
Hibernate L2 Cache plugin
Servers understand the memcached wire protocol
Use any memcached clientMemcached protocol
<bean id="cacheManager"
class="org.springframework.data.gemfire.support.GemfireCacheManager"Spring Cache Abstraction

A GemFire customer use case : IRCTC
• World’s second largest railway network, 7000
stations, 30 million users,12000 trains
• Longer queues at railway booking counters
• Not able to scale during peak hours, 8AM, 10AM
• System designed back in 2005/2006
• Frequent downtimes, more than 10 mins delay to
book a ticket, or timeout.

Old Architecture
PRS
Oracle
DB
e-ticketing
Application
on
72
Physical
Servers

Architecture Using GemFire
PRS
Oracle
DB
Next Gen
e-ticketing
Application
written on EJB
3.1 and
deployed
on
72 Physical
Servers(4
instances /
server). Oracle
Web Logic used
DIST
RIB
UTE
D
IN
ME
MO
RY
DAT
A
GRI
D

Challenges
Ÿ Social infrastructure site
Ÿ Migrating 30 million registered users
Ÿ Booking transaction checkpoints because of supply demand
gaps
Ÿ Journey Planner, user authentication migration to in memory
Ÿ Capable of scaling up as the demand increases in future.
Ÿ High number of concurrent users at the peak times

Benefits
Ÿ Supports More than 200,000 Concurrent Purchases
Ÿ Provide Stable Performance to Book Approximately 150,000 TPH, Compared to
60,000 in the Old System
Ÿ Transformed Customer Experience so Reservation Transactions Complete in
Seconds Instead of 15 minutes
Ÿ Shifted Online Purchasing From 50% of Tickets Sold to 65%
Ÿ Boosting Revenue Generated From E-ticket Sales to INR600 Million Daily
Ÿ Capable of scaling up as the demand increases in future.
Ÿ CPU Usage during peak hours (Tatkaal) is less than 9%

Roadmap
• HDFS persistence
• Off-heap storage
• Lucene indexes
• Spark integration
• Cloud Foundry service
• DistributedTransactions
…and other ideas from the Geode community!

Geode community
• http://geode.incubator.apache.org
• dev@geode.incubator.apache.org
• user@geode.incubator.apache.org
• http://github.com/apache/incubator-geode

Our in-memory computing journey
• We started GemFire team in Pune in 2005, the core team remains the
same over the last decade
• We build a new product out of Pune , GemFire XD, In memory
distributed SQL with GemFire and Apache Derby.
• We are now working on a new initiative, SnappyData.io, a startup
funded by Pivotal, building a product based on
Spark(Streaming/SQL), GemFire and Approximate Query Engine.
• And we are hiring

SnappyData Positioning (snappydata.io)
Streami
ng
Analytic
s Probabilistic
data
Distribut
ed In-
Memory
SQL Deep
integration of
Spark +
Gem(?)
Unified cluster, AlwaysOn, Cloud ready
For Real time analytics
Vision – Drastically reduce the cost and complexity
in modern big data. …Using fraction of the
resources
10X better response time, drop resource cost 10X,
reduce complexity 10X
Deep Scale,
High volume
MPP DB
Integrate
with

Building Scalable Applications using Pivotal Gemfire/Apache Geode

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