building service - lift and escalators

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
WHAT IS LIFT?
A vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people
between floors (levels, deck) of a building, vessel or other
structure.
Generally powered by electricmotor that drive by traction cable
and counterweight systems like a hoist or hydraulic pump.
Open Lift (bubble type)
Closed Lift (typical type)

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Residential Elevator Applications –
The number of elevators is dependent on the number of
apartments served and the height of the building (Macsai et
al. 1976).
In hotels and large apartment buildings one elevator is
required for every 70 to 100 units.
In a 3- to 4- story building it is possible to walk up to the top
floor if the elevator is broken. One elevator is acceptable. It
will probably be a hydraulic elevator.
In the 5- to 6-story range, two elevators are necessary so that
there will always be an elevator available. Although elevators
can be hydraulic in this height range, traction elevators will
provide better service.
In the 7- to 1 2—story range two traction e1erators are
needed. (This is above the range of hydraulic elevators.)
Above 12 stories two to three traction elevators are necessary
depending on elevator speed.
Very tall buildings will require fast elevators and zoning of the
elevator system as in commercial buildings.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
According to hoist mechanism elevators is classified
to 4 main types as follows:-
1.Hydraulic Elevator
2.Traction/pulley Elevator
3.Climbing Elevator
4.Pneumatic Elevator
1.Hydraulic Elevator
Hydraulic elevators are less expensive than traction elevators.
They are moved up and down by a hydraulic piston.
Their operation is limited to buildings of about six stories in
height, and they are slow and not as smooth as a traction
elevator.
This type of elevator is generally used in low-rise buildings (two
to four stories) in which it is not necessary to move large numbers
of people quickly

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
2.TractionElevator
Traction elevators
hang on a
counterweighted
cable and are driven
by a traction machine
that pulls the cable up
and down.
Traction elevators
can operate smoothly
at fast speeds and
have no height limits.
Buildings up to
about (4 to 11) stories
typically use Geared
Traction Elevators

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
GLASS LIFT
Give passengers a visually
stimulating ride between floors.
The car walls must be
constructed with laminated
glass .
The glass lift consist of entrance
area and a viewing area.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
PASSENGER ELEVATORS
Passenger elevators should be located at the
circulation core of the building and be grouped
into banks when this is necessary and desirable.
• The required umber of elevators is determined by:
 Building type
 Building height
 Number of stops
 Floor use
 Passenger volume

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Freight elevators are typically larger and
capable of carrying heavier loads than a
passenger elevator, generally from
2,300-4,500 kg.
GOODS ELEVATORS
Elevator designed to carry goods,
rather than passengers.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
STRECHER ELEVATOR
Strecher elevator also cater to the health
sector by providing specialized range of
Stretcher Elevators suited for application
in hospitals, health centers and other
similar places
CAPSULE ELEVATORS
Capsule Elevators act as Architectural
highlights on prestigious buildings. They
can be called the ornaments of a building
as they enhance its beauty and bring life
into it

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
AUTOMOBILE
ELEVATORS
A car elevator is installed where
ramps are considered space-in
conservative.
Car elevators are usually used in
parking the vehicles at different floors,
automobile show rooms, automobile
service centers etc.
PANORAMIC ELEVATORS
Panoramic elevators , panoramic
lift are designed basically for malls
and other commercials buildings. It
has an overlook over other elevators

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
FIREMAN'S LIFT
For buildings having height of 15m or more
described below :
Lift car floor area of not less than 1.44 sq.m
Loading capacity of not less than 544
kg (8 persons).
Lift landing doors shall have
minimum fire resistance of two
hours.
The lift speed shall be 1.0 m/s or more
Reachable time to the top floor from the
ground (or entrance) floor within 60
seconds

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Machine room-less (MRL) elevators
 Most of the components fit within the shaft containing the
elevatorcar; and a small cabinet houses the elevator
controller. Other than the machinery being in the hoistway,
the equipment is similar to a normal traction elevator.
 Benefits
 Can operate at faster speeds than hydraulics but not
normal traction
 Creates more usable space
 Use less energy (70-80% less than hydraulic elevators)
 Uses no oil
 Slightly lower cost than other elevators
 Units.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Components of lift
• Control room
• Guides
• Lift car
• Lift car door
• Car rail
• Counter weight
• Control panel
• Lift pit
• Buffer
• Hoist way
• Hoist rope
• Ventilation window
• Flexible cable
• Drive crank

Lift sub-system
ESCALATOR AND LIFT
 Control Motion – includes motor, gear,
engines, brakes and power supply.
 Control System - to get control the
movements of the lift.
 Door Control – contained motor
connecting lift car doors, platforms gates
and door safety devices.
 Safety Control – contain the safety gear,
speed controller for the first balance,
heat
and lack of power.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
LIFT CAR :Platform where passengers
or goods is transported.
Passenger elevators should
be located at the circulation
core of the building.
minimum width and
depth of the car shall be
2000 mm
and 1291 mm.(for wheel chair)
Height of the entrance to the
lift car shall not be less than 2
m.
The rails shall be at least 38 mm
clear of the walls
nominal height of 800 mm
from the floor.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
LIFT SHAFT: Constructed
with reinforced concrete.
counterweight :
•Togrip the lift car
•Reduce the power of
generator
• Reduce the brake to
stop the car lifts
GEARLESS MOTOR
GUARD RAIL: hold the
lift from crashing down
if the rope break.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
alarm button and emergency stop switch shall be at
a height of 890 mm,
highest floor button no higher than 1.37 m from the
floor.
letters or numbers shall be a minimum of 15 mm high
control buttons shall be at least 19 mm min dimensions.
standby power within
60
seconds after
failure of normal power.
• Ventilation window
in fire emergency, DO NOT USE LIFT. USE EXIT STAIRS. This
sign shall be in letters not less than 12 mm high.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
•Lift pits having depth more than 1.6 m
shall be provided
SHAFT PIT – the bottom end of the
shaft is called pit.
The width of lift machine room shall be equal to be
lift (minimum of 2500 mm)
The height shall not be less than 2.30 m
throughout under the lifting beam
the trap door shall not be less than 1.0 m x 1.0 m
machine room entrance is less than 1.5 m

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Two Car Arrangement
where A is width of lift

LIFT,ESCALATOR AND MOVING WALKS

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
WHAT IS ESCALATOR?
An escalator is a moving staircase – a
conveyor transport device for carrying
people between floors of a building.
When the building design requires
moving large numbers of people up
and down a few floors, escalators are
a good choice.
 They are commonly used
department stores, commercial
shopping centers, airports, and at the
base of commercial high-rise
buildings.
The following provides general
information for planning escalators.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
ESCALATOR Applications
 All escalators rise at a 30 degree angle.
Escalators come in two standard widths: 32 inches and 48
inches.
There needs to be a minimum of 10 feet clear landing space at
the top and bottom of the escalator for people to get on and
off.
The moving step assembly and support truss underneath the
exposed part of the escalator take up approximately 4 feet of
depth.
The escalator will require structural support: a beam at the
top and bottom for the escalator’s internal truss structure to
sit on.
Escalators need to be laid out with a crowded flow of people
in mind. Cross-over points where people will run into each
other must he avoided.
Current trends in the design of retail space use the escalators
as a dramatic and dynamic focal feature of open atrium
spaces.

Types of escalators
Parallel: These type of escalator go up and down simultaneously.
1 Speed: 0.5m/s
2 Inclination: 30, 35
3 Step width: 800 / 1000
4 Power: 50 Hz / 3p
5Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel
6 Step: stainless steel
7 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.
8 Operation: Emergency stop button/ Key switch.
9 Illumination: lighting under upper and lower landing steps.
10 Indicator: Failure indicator on control cabinet.
Multi parallel:
1 Speed: 0.5m/s
2 Inclinations: 30, 35
3 Step widths: 800 / 1000
4 Power: 50 Hz / 3p
5Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel
6 Step: stainless steel
7 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel
8 Operation: Emergency stop button/ Key switch / Inspection operation.
9Illumination: lighting under upper and lower landing steps.
ESCALATOR AND LIFT

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Spiral type escalators: These are used to enhance the architectural beauty and to save the
space.
1 Inclined Angle : 30"
2 Rated Speed [m/sec] : 25
3Number of Persons : 6300 per hour 4
Rated Speed (mtrs./sec.) :25 m/ min.
5 Vertical Rise ( m ) : 3500 ~ 6600
Criss-cross: They stacks the escalators that go in single direction and reduces
structural space requirement.
1 Step width: 600 / 800 / 1000
2 Power: 300V / 50 Hz / 3p
3 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel.
4 Step: stainless steel.
5 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.
6 Emergency stop button / Key switch
7 lighting under upper and lower landing steps.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
UP” ESCALATOR NEXT TO STAIRCASE : It
is preferred that staircases be located
adjacent to the escalator if the escalator is
the primary means of transport between
floors.
30° inclination This inclination
provides the highest traveling
comfort and maximum safety for
the user.
35° inclination The 35° escalator is
the most efficient solution as it
requires less space and can be
implemented more cost-effectively.
However, this inclination is
perceived as too steep if rises
exceed 5 m – particularly in
downward travel.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
COMPONENTS OF THE ESCALATOR:
• Landing Platforms.
•Truss.
•Tracks.
•Steps.
•Handrail.
•Escalator Exterior (Balustrade).
•Drive system.
•Auto-Lubrication System.
•Braking system.
•Safety devices.
•Electrical & Control Systems.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
balustrade
DECK BOARD-
 These are used for preventing clothing
from getting caught and other such problems.
deckboard
Handrail-
operating speed is less than 0.35 m/s
the handrail width not more than
75mm
Each moving handrail height not less
than 300 mm.
BALUSTRADE-
The thickness of the glass
shall not be less than 6 mm.
Height 680 mm vertically above the
nose line of the steps,

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
TRUSS –
The truss is a hollow metal structure
that bridges the lower and upper landings.
The ends of the truss are attached to the
top and bottom landing platforms via steel or
concrete supports.
FLOOR PLATE-
flush with the finished
floor
in front of the escalator shall be a
minimum of 3 m.
STEPS-
Trade shall not be less than 400 mm
Riser shall not be more than 220 mm.
front and back edges of the steps are each connected to two
wheels.
steps

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
 LANDING PLATFORMS:
 2 plat form
 Tracks:
 The track system is built into the truss
to guide the step chain, which
continuously pulls the steps from the
bottom platform and back to the top in
an endless loop.
 COMB PLATE
 The comb plate is the piece between the
stationary floor plate and the moving step.

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Standard transportation speed
ranges between 0.5 to 0.65m/s
For a speed of 0.5m/s the theoretical
capacity is:
600mm step width -4500 persons per hour
800mm step width -6750 persons per hour
1000mm step width -9000 persons/hour
escalators having a vertical
rise not more than 6 m.
Minimum head room shall not
be less than 2.3 m.

LIFT,ESCALATOR AND MOVING WALKS
WIDTH OF ESCALATOR CROSS-SECTION OF AN ESCALATOR

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
ESCALATOR WIDTH
In accordance with a worldwide standard,the width of
the step to be used is 60 cm
(for one person), 80cm (for one-to-two people) and
100cm (for two people width)

ESCALATOR AND LIFT
Moving Walk-
is a slow moving conveyor mechanism that
transports people across a horizontal or
inclined plane over a short to medium
distance.
. They are often installed in pairs, one for
each direction
• Used for carrying passengers,
horizontally
•An incline up to a maximum of 15
degree.

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