Butler
- 1. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT. CREATION OF A PENETRATION TESTING LABORATORY, PROCEDURES AND TOOLS, START TO FINISH. LQT2 Multimedia Presentation by Thomas Butler Presented to the Information Technology College Faculty of Western Governors University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Information Security and Assurance February 26, 2013 Powerpoint Templates Page 1
- 2. root@bt:~# WHOAMI? Thomas Butler……Houston, Texas CPA, CIA, CISA, CISSP, Security+, Network+, PMP Over 20 years in DoD IT Audit (Retired) Interested in IT Security & Penetration Testing Started IT Security Consulting Co.-Dec 2011-http://www.butleritsec.com Started WGU MS Degree-1 July 2012 WGU MS Degree Offers Credibility in IT Security Powerpoint Templates Page 2
- 3. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW-PER THE RUBRIC Why I Chose This Project Overview of Problem What Project Consisted Of Special Strategies Used Successes In Achieving Milestones Obstacles Encountered What I Learned How I Will Apply What I Learned Powerpoint Templates Page 3
- 4. WHY I CHOSE THIS PROJECT A SERIOUS PROBLEM TO THE CYBERSECURITY OF THE NATION. RESPONSE TO CURRENT CRITICISM THAT AVAILABLE SECURITY CERTIFICATIONS DO NOT TEACH ENOUGH HANDS-ON PROCEDURES AND THAT THEIR EXAMS DO NOT REQUIRE HANDS-ON BUT ARE INSTEAD MULTIPLE CHOICE. DOD AND OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES CLAIM EMPLOYEES OBTAINING AVAILABLE CERTIFICATIONS CANNOT DO THE JOB REQUIRED DUE TO LACK OF HANDS-ON SKILLS. TRAINING NEEDS TO EMPHASIZE MORE HANDS-ON AND LESS BOOK KNOWLEDGE. (refer to news article in page 6) I COULD NOT FIND A TURN-KEY, OFF –THE-SHELF SOLUTION SO I DECIDED TO CREATE ONE. I GOT ALL THE CERTS , THE CEH, CHFI, CISSP, SECURITY+, CCENT, BUT I NEED HANDS-ON PRACTICE OR I WILL COMPLETELY FORGET EVERYTHING I LEARNED. HANDS ON PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT AND INSTILLS CONFIDENCE. Powerpoint Templates Page 4
- 5. OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM DISCUSSED IN PROJECT THE PROBLEM! Practice on systems you do not own without written permission is illegal. Need more hands-on. I needed: A way to practice, ethically and legally All-in-one document Easy to follow. Easy to setup and use. Free and/or cheap I could not find anything that satisfied all my needs, therefore, I decided to do this project to create a practice lab for myself. Hopefully the project will benefit others as well. Powerpoint Templates Page 5
- 6. CAUSES OF THE PROBLEM High demand for penetration tests>government regulations & industry standards a. PCI-DSS (Penetration Testing. Wikipedia, 2013) requires both annual and ongoing penetration testing (after system changes). a. FISMA -Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) via procedures promulgated by NIST 800-53, Appendix E. (NIST 800-53, Rev. 3, 2009) Shortage of well-trained penetration testers-THERE IS ARTICLE AFTER ARTICLE AFTER ARTICLE a. A Barclay Simpson Corporate Governance Recruitment report on Information Security found that the demand exceeds the supply of qualified penetration testers (Barclay Simpson, Corporate Governance Recruitment, 2011). b. US Air Force is planning on going on a “hiring binge” to hire 1,000 persons in cyber operations in 2014 (Magnuson, 1/17/2013). National Defense Industrial Association Magazine, 2111 Wilson Blvd., Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201, Air Force Cyber-Operations Wing to Go on Hiring Binge). c. Experts say DoD cyber workers undertrained By Zachary Fryer-Biggs - Staff writer Posted : Saturday Feb 16, 2013 12:38:06 EST in the Federal Times a Gannett Pub. http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2013/02/dn-cyber-certification- 021613/?goback=.gde_54384_member_216288717 ”Money is not being spent on hands-on training.” Others focused on the lack of hands-on training required, resulting in broad certifications that are required for many jobs but are not specific to any of them. Book training is simply not enough.” Powerpoint Templates Page 6
- 7. MORE CAUSES OF THE PROBLEM Requires almost daily training reinforcement practice, or skills rapidly lost. Every day new hacking software is introduced. Every day new vulnerabilities are discovered. How do you keep up if everything changes so rapidly? Penetration testing is unique and very difficult because skills must be transferred by computer keyboard>very labor intensive>requires humans to think “outside the box”. No two infrastructures or system requires the same penetration testing procedures. How do you use what was learned in CEH when testing the client’s systems? Powerpoint Templates Page 7
- 8. STILL MORE CAUSES OF THE PROBLEM Powerpoint Templates Page 8
- 9. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF The project is documented in appendices A through G. Appendix A: Creation of the Penetration Testing Lab Appendix B: Penetration Testing Methodology Appendix C: Reconnaissance and Information Gathering Appendix D: Active Scanning and Enumeration Appendix E: Exploitation Appendix F: Post-exploitation and Covering Tracks Appendix G: Technology Terms/Acronyms Powerpoint Templates Page 9
- 10. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF Appendix A: Creation of the Penetration Testing Lab Three virtual machines created within a Windows Vista OS using FREE VMWare Player community edition “Attack Machine” FREE Linux Ubuntu “Backtrack5R3” ”The pen testers premier OS and toolkit.” “Victim Machine” FREE Linux “Metasploitable”- OS-Created by Metasploit Project to allow hands-on practice “Victim Machine” FREE Trinux “Badstore.net”- vulnerable OS and Web App Did I say FREE? Powerpoint Templates Page 10
- 11. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF Appendix B: Penetration Testing Methodologies Penetration Testing Execution Standard, (2013) PTES. Retrieved 2013 from: http://www.pentest-standard.org/index.php/Main_Page Open System Security Testing Methodology Manual, (2013) ISECOM. Retrieved 2013 from: http://www.isecom.org/research/osstmm.html Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), (2013) Ethical Hacking. Retrieved 2013 from: http://eccouncil.org NIST 800-53, Appendix E. Retrieved from: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html#800-53 Powerpoint Templates Page 11
- 12. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF Appendix C: Reconnaissance and Information Gathering In summary of reconnaissance and foot printing, we have used the following for legal, passive, reconnaissance and information gathering on J.C.Penney and have provided screen print proof of concept (picture worth a thousand words). These tools are included in Backtrack5R3 or built into command line. Google-website URL, tons of other info; Netcraft-OS & Web server running and IP address; SmartWhoIs-Domain Registrar information theHarvester-Emails and Sub-domains; Maltego-Subdomains; traceroute/tracert command line-traces routers from origin to destination; nslookup command line-finds IP address from domain name>Linux “dig” and “host” are alternatives, but NA in Windows Powerpoint Templates Page 12
- 13. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF Appendix D: Active Scanning and Enumeration Using scanning tools in Backtrack5R3, we performed active scanning of Metasploitable and Badstore.net, our “victims.” We provided screen prints (picture worth a thousand words)for proof of concept. All these tools are included in BT5R3. Nmap-port scan, OS version, services running; Nessus-port scans and vulnerability scans; Nikto (Wikto-Windows)-port scans and vulnerability scans; Metasploit-port, OS version, services running, vulnerability Powerpoint Templates Page 13
- 14. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF Appendix E: Exploitation with Metasploit Metasploit-included free in Backtrack5R3-msfconsole. Proof of concept screen prints (picture worth a thousand words) included in project. Command line: root@bt:~# /pentest/exploits/framework2/msfconsole OR> root@bt:~# /opt/metasploit/msf3/msfconsole modules: auxiliary, exploits, payloads We also used Armitage-a GUI for Metasploit Command line: root@bt:~# /opt/metasploit/msf3/armitage modules: auxiliary, exploits, payloads Powerpoint Templates Page 14
- 15. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF Appendix F: Post-exploitation and Covering Tracks Not a lot of in-depth information available on this topic! Post-Exploitation: Got Root?, Elevation of privilege=Create user, Add user to Admin Group; Offline and online password attacks, John the Ripper, Pass the Hash, Cain and Abel. Covering Tracks: Use Metaspoit to delete Event Logs. Use Metasploit to remove file timestamps. Powerpoint Templates Page 15
- 16. WHAT THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF Appendix G: Technology Terms/Acronyms Includes 33 definition of terms Powerpoint Templates Page 16
- 17. SPECIAL STRATEGIES USED Member of 41 Linked-In IT Security Groups>To share information with IT security groups Subscriptions to 35 IT Security Tutorial Blogs>To learn IT security and ethical hacking 750 Linked-In Connections>To share information with IT security individuals Some basic knowledge of HTML, SQL, PYTHON Powerpoint Templates Page 17
- 18. SUCCESSES IN ACHIEVING MILESTONES All files were downloaded and installed successfully with no problems All three virtual machines were successfully created, opened simultaneously, and run simultaneously on my Windows Vista box with no memory problems. My Windows box has 4 G RAM and I allocated 1G RAM for the “attack” machine and .5G RAM for each “victim machine” leaving approx. 2 G RAM for the Windows box. All penetration testing tools were run successfully and proof of concept screen prints were obtained for all tools. Powerpoint Templates Page 18
- 19. OBSTACLES ENCOUNTERED Limitation: Lab only includes software. Practice in this lab will not encounter Hardware firewalls, routers, switches, hardware intrusion systems, and other hardware security devices that would be encountered in a real world penetration test. I somewhat lacked an intermediate programming knowledge. I recommend that the penetration testing student learn the following programming languages: HTML to understand http requests and responses for use of web proxies like Paros Proxy, Webscarab Proxy, Burp Proxy SQL to understand SQL injection for use of tools like SQLMap and manual injection of code PYTHON to understand most of the penetration testing tools in Backtrack5R3 for tools like theHarvester. The predominant language for most tools in BT5R3 is python. root@bt:~# ./theHarvester.py Powerpoint Templates Page 19
- 20. WHAT I LEARNED A penetration test should not just be to gain access and get a shell and quit. It should be an audit of the IT security posture and the goal should be to identify as many vulnerabilities as possible that need fixing. Money is wasted on training-Companies with a lot of money and the US Government (DoD) will send their employees to SANS training for a 4 day crash course. Costs of travel, hotel, per diem, salary, SANS Course fee could be > $10K for one student. Student returns to work and still cannot do the job. (refer to recent news article in slide 6) There has to be a better way. WGU is part of the solution to a better way Cyberlaw, regulations, and compliance-Penetration testing without written permission is illegal. Some regulations and industry standards require periodic penetration testing, i.e. PCI-DSS, FISMA. Leadership and professionalism-penetration testing is not a true profession like CPA, law, medicine, etc. There is no barrier to entry. A barber needs a state license; a penetration tester does not. Anyone can hold themselves out to be a penetration tester. High ethical standards should be required for penetration testers. Background checks, criminal checks, financial and credit checks, REFERENCES, memberships in IT security organizations, and certifications. Powerpoint Templates Page 20
- 21. WHAT I LEARNED Security Planning and Management- Organizations need to: Start with a framework and set of internal controls such as ISO 27000/27001/27002; Set a reasonable policy that can be followed and enforced; Employee training ; Create policy that requires vulnerability scans, periodic penetration testing, periodic IT security audits, and periodic IT policy compliance audits. Systems Security No such thing as 100% security; Penetration test is only one part of “defense in depth.” Perimeter defenses such as firewalls, routers, switches, IDS/IPS, web application and database monitoring systems must be properly configured; Patches and AV must be kept up to date. Log files must be filtered (quantity reduced) and suspicious log entries must be examined. Powerpoint Templates Page 21
- 22. HOW I WILL APPLY WHAT I LEARNED I will apply the knowledge to running the company http://www.butleritsec.com , an IT Security consultant Company I will apply the knowledge to provide best value to clients in a highly ethical way. I will continuously study and practice hands-on. I am just beginning to learn. Powerpoint Templates Page 22
- 23. REFERENCES Penetration Test, (2013) Wikipedia. Retrieved 2013 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetration_test NIST 800-53 and Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 200 Retrieved from: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html#800-53. Barclay Simpson, Corporate Governance Recruitment, (2011) Market Report on Information Security. Retrieved 2013 from: http://www.barclaysimpson.com/document_uploaded/BS_InfoSec_2011.pdf Magnuson, (2013) National Defense Industrial Association Magazine, Air Force Cyber-Operations Wing to Go on Hiring Binge. Retrieved 2013 from: http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=1026&goback=.gde_1836487_member_20563 4892 Penetration Testing Execution Standard, (2013) PTES. Retrieved 2013 from: http://www.pentest- standard.org/index.php/Main_Page Open System Security Testing Methodology Manual, (2013) ISECOM. Retrieved 2013 from: http://www.isecom.org/research/osstmm.html Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), (2013) Ethical Hacking. Retrieved 2013 from: http://eccouncil.org Experts say DoD cyber workers undertrained By Zachary Fryer-Biggs - Staff writer Posted : Saturday Feb 16, 2013 12:38:06 EST in the Federal Times a Gannett Pub. http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2013/02/dn-cyber-certification- 021613/?goback=.gde_54384_member_216288717 Powerpoint Templates Page 23
- 24. FINIS A THANK YOU TO ALL THE WGU IT FACULTY CINDY WENDY NORMA CHARLES AND MY MENTOR, BRETT I HAVE THOROUGHLY ENJOYED THE EXPERIENCE QUESTIONS FOR ME? Powerpoint Templates Page 24