C BASICS.pptx FFDJF/,DKFF90DF SDPJKFJ[DSSIFLHDSHF

Installation and set up
• Install C compiler – mingw.
• Set up by opening the terminal.
• GCC stands for GNU Compiler Collections which is used to compile mainly C and C++ language.
• To compile:
• gcc programName.c
• gcc programName.c –o outputfilename
• Eg: gcc hello.c –o hello
• To execute:
• ./outputfilename

The C programming language
• C is a procedural programming language initially developed by Dennis Ritchie
in the year 1972
• Structured programming language.
• High-level language because it allows the programmer to concentrate on the
problem at hand and not worry about the machine that the program will be
using.
• C is a compiler-based program.

Sample
/*
* hello.c
* This program prints a welcome message
* to the user.
*/
// preprocessor directive to include library for printf function
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
printf(“Hey! Hello”);
return 0;
}

What’s the .h file?
• It’s a header file.
• The C developers had defined set of predefined functions and have
stored them as .h files.
• You can include them in your program and use the predefined
function.
Eg:
stdio.h,stlib.h,string.h,math.h,unistd.h

Look at the stdlib.h file functions

Program 1
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char gender = 'F';
int age = 40;
printf("Variables stored are: %d and %c", age, gender);
}

Program 2
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char gender;
int age;
printf("Enter your age and then gender(M, F or O): ");
scanf("%d %c", &age, &gender);
printf("You entered: %d and %c", age, gender);
}

Program 3
/* swap_var_third.c
This is a program to swap the values of two variables using a
third variable.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 10;
printf("a: %d b: %dn", a, b);
int c;
c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
return 0;
}

Program 4
/*
* swap_var_without.c
This is a program to swap the values of two variables using a third variable.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 10;
a = a + b;
b = a - b;
a = a - b;
return 0;
}

Program 5
//Sum of n numbers:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int s =0;
s = s+1;
s = s+2;
s = s+3;
s = s+4;
printf(“%d”,s);
Return 0;
}

Program 6
//Sum of n numbers:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
for(i =0;i<5;i++){
s = s+i;
}
printf(“%d” ,s);
Return 0;
}

Increment opertor
• ++
Post fix - Used to increment the value after an operation is done.
Prefix – Used to increment first and then the operation is carried out.
int n = 1;
print(“%d”,n);
print(“%d”,n++);
print(“%d”,n);
print(“%d”,++n);

Conditionals - if
/*
This program calculates the maximum of two numbers.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a, b;
int max;
printf("Enter a: ");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("Enter b: ");
scanf("%d", &b);
if(a > b) {
max = a;
}
if(b > a) {
max = b;
}
printf("The maximum of %d, %d is %d.n", a, b, max);
return 0;
}
/*
TEST CASES:
4
5
10
10
*/

Nested if
/*
This program calculates the maximum of three numbers.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int a, b, c;
int max;
scanf("%d", &a);
scanf("%d", &b);
printf("Enter c: ");
scanf("%d", &c);
max = a;
if(a > b) {
if(a > c) {
max = a;
}
}
if(b > a) {
if(b > c) {
max = b;
}
}
if(c > a) {
if(c > b) {
max = c;
}
}
printf("The maximum of %d, %d, %d is %d.n", a, b, c, max);
return 0;
}

if else
/*
This program calculates the maximum of two
numbers.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int a, b;
int max;
scanf("%d", &a);
scanf("%d", &b);
max = a;
if(a > b)
max = a;
else
max = b;
printf("The maximum of %d, %d, %d is %d.n",
a, b, c, max);
return 0;
}

if – else if - else
/*
This program calculates the maximum of three numbers.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int a, b, c;
int max;
scanf("%d", &a);
scanf("%d", &b);
printf("Enter c: ");
scanf("%d", &c);
max = a;
if (a > b && a > c) {
max = a;
}
else if (b > a && b > c) {
max = b;
}
else if (c > a && c > b) {
max = c;
}
// else
// max = a;
// What is the difference in execution between this and 02 and 03?
printf("The maximum of %d, %d, %d is %d.n", a, b, c, max);
return 0;
}

C BASICS.pptx FFDJF/,DKFF90DF SDPJKFJ[DSSIFLHDSHF

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