C# fundamentals Part 2

iFour ConsultancyBasics of .NET

 Operators
 Control statements
 Access Modifiers
INDEX
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It is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical
manipulations. C# has rich set of built-in operators and provides the following types of
operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Misc Operators
Operators

Arithmetic Operators
Operators (cont.)
Operator Description Example(A=10,B=20)
+ Adds two operands A + B = 30
- Subtracts second operand from the first A - B = -10
* Multiplies both operands A * B = 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A = 2
% Modulus Operator and remainder of after an
integer division
B % A = 0
++ Increment operator increases integer value by one A++ = 11
-- Decrement operator decreases integer value by
one
A-- = 9

Relational Operators
Operators (cont.)
Operator Description Example(A=10,B=20)
== Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition
becomes true
(A == B) is not true.
!= Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not
equal then condition becomes true
(A != B) is true
> Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true
(A > B) is not true
< Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if
yes then condition becomes true
(A < B) is true
>= Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of
right operand, if yes then condition becomes true
(A >= B) is not true
<= Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true
(A <= B) is true

Logical Operators
Operators (cont.)
Operator Description Example
(A=true,B=false)
&& Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non zero then
condition becomes true
(A && B) is false
|| Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non zero
then condition becomes true
(A || B) is true
! Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its
operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make
false
!(A && B) is true

Bitwise Operators
Operators (cont.)
(A=60=00111100
B=13=0000 1101)
& Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands (A & B) = 12, 00001100
| Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand (A | B) = 61, 0011 1101
^ Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both (A ^ B) = 49, 00110001
~ Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits (~A ) = 61, which is 1100
0011
<< Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of
bits specified by the right operand
A << 2 = 240, which is
1111 0000
>> Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number
of bits specified by the right operand
A >> 2 = 15, which is 0000
1111

Assignment Operators
Operators (cont.)
= Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. C = A + B assigns value of
A + B into C
+= Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and
assign the result to left operand
C += A is equivalent to C =
C + A
-= Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left
operand and assign the result to left operand
C-=A is equivalent to C=C-
A
*= Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left
operand and assign the result to left operand
C *= A is equivalent to C =
C * A
/= Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand
and assign the result to left operand
C /= A is equivalent to C =
C / A
%= Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and
assign the result to left operand
C %= A is equivalent to C
= C % A

Assignment Operators
Operators (cont.)
<<= Left shift AND assignment operator C <<= 2 is same as C =
C << 2
>>= Right shift AND assignment operator C >>= 2 is same as C =
C >> 2
&= Bitwise AND assignment operator C &= 2 is same as C = C
& 2
^= bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator C ^= 2 is same as C = C
^ 2
%= bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator C |= 2 is same as C = C
| 2

Statement that determines whether other statements will be executed
• if statement decides whether to execute another statement, or decides which of two
statements to execute
• If -else :If the boolean expression evaluates to true, then the if block of code is executed,
otherwise else block of code is executed
• A switch statement decides which of several statements to execute
• for loops are (typically) used to execute the controlled statement a given number of times.
• The foreach statement repeats a group of embedded statements for each element in an array
or an object collection that implements
• while loops test whether a condition is true before executing the controlled statement
• do-while loops test whether a condition is true after executing the controlled statement
Control statements

Public
• The public keyword is an access modifier for types and type members. Public access is the most
permissive access level
• Accessibility:
• Can be accessed by objects of the class
• Can be accessed by derived classes
Private
• Private members are accessible only within the body of the class or the struct in which they are
declared
• Accessibility:
• Cannot be accessed by object
• Cannot be accessed by derived classes
Access Modifiers

Protected
• A protected member is accessible from within the class in which it is declared, and from within
any class derived from the class that declared this member
• Accessibility:
• By derived classes
Internal
• Access modifier for types and type members. We can declare a class as internal or its member
as internal. Internal members are accessible only within files in the same assembly
• Access is limited exclusively to classes defined within the current project assembly
Access Modifiers

• Accessibility:
• In same assembly (public)
• Can be accessed by objects of the class
• Can be accessed by derived classes
• In other assembly (internal)
• Cannot be accessed by derived classes
Protected Internal
• The protected internal accessibility means protected OR internal, not protected AND internal
• In other words, a protected internal member is accessible from any class in the same assembly,
including derived classes
Access Modifiers

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References

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C# fundamentals Part 2

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