C programming Tutorial Session 4
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This document discusses strings in C programming. It covers declaring and initializing strings, reading strings from users, and passing strings to functions. Strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be initialized and declared at the same time or initialized using pointers. The scanf() function only reads the first word of input while gets() reads a full line. Examples are provided to demonstrate reading strings from users using different methods.
![DECLARATION
• Before we actually work with strings, we need to declare them first.
• Strings are declared in a similar manner as arrays. Only difference is that, strings are
of char type.
• char s[5];
Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS)
4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stringsinc-180720124325/85/C-programming-Tutorial-Session-4-4-320.jpg)
![INITIALIZATION OF STRINGS
• In C, string can be initialized in a number of different ways.
• For convenience and ease, both initialization and declaration are done in the same
step.
• char c[] = "abcd";
• OR,
• char c[50] = "abcd";
• String can also be initialized using pointers as:
• char *c = "abcd";
Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS)
5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stringsinc-180720124325/85/C-programming-Tutorial-Session-4-5-320.jpg)
![READING STRINGS FROM USER
Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS)
6
• You can use the scanf() function to read a string like any other data types.
• However, the scanf() function only takes the first entered word.
• The function terminates when it encounters a white space (or just space).
• char c[20];
• scanf("%s", c);
•](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stringsinc-180720124325/85/C-programming-Tutorial-Session-4-6-320.jpg)
![EXAMPLE #1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[20];
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Your name is %s.", name);
return 0;
}
Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS)
7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stringsinc-180720124325/85/C-programming-Tutorial-Session-4-7-320.jpg)
![EXAMPLE #2
Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS)
8
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main()
• {
• char name[30], ch;
• int i = 0;
• printf("Enter name: ");
• while(ch != 'n') // terminates if user hit enter
• {
• ch = getchar();
• name[i] = ch;
• i++;
• }
• name[i] = '0'; // inserting null character at end
• printf("Name: %s", name);
• return 0;
• }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stringsinc-180720124325/85/C-programming-Tutorial-Session-4-8-320.jpg)
![EXAMPLE #3
Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS)
9
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main()
• {
• char name[30];
• printf("Enter name: ");
• gets(name); //Function to read string from user.
• printf("Name: ");
• puts(name); //Function to display string.
• return 0;
• }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/stringsinc-180720124325/85/C-programming-Tutorial-Session-4-9-320.jpg)
C programming Tutorial Session 4
- 1. STRINGS IN C Session 11
- 2. OBJECTIVES • What is String • Declaration of String • Initialization of strings • Reading Strings from user • Reading a line of text • Passing Strings to Functions Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 2
- 3. STRING Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 3 • In C programming, array of characters is called a string. • A string is terminated by a null character /0. For example: • "c string tutorial"
- 4. DECLARATION • Before we actually work with strings, we need to declare them first. • Strings are declared in a similar manner as arrays. Only difference is that, strings are of char type. • char s[5]; Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 4
- 5. INITIALIZATION OF STRINGS • In C, string can be initialized in a number of different ways. • For convenience and ease, both initialization and declaration are done in the same step. • char c[] = "abcd"; • OR, • char c[50] = "abcd"; • String can also be initialized using pointers as: • char *c = "abcd"; Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 5
- 6. READING STRINGS FROM USER Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 6 • You can use the scanf() function to read a string like any other data types. • However, the scanf() function only takes the first entered word. • The function terminates when it encounters a white space (or just space). • char c[20]; • scanf("%s", c); •
- 7. EXAMPLE #1 #include <stdio.h> int main() { char name[20]; printf("Enter name: "); scanf("%s", name); printf("Your name is %s.", name); return 0; } Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 7
- 8. EXAMPLE #2 Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 8 • #include <stdio.h> • int main() • { • char name[30], ch; • int i = 0; • printf("Enter name: "); • while(ch != 'n') // terminates if user hit enter • { • ch = getchar(); • name[i] = ch; • i++; • } • name[i] = '0'; // inserting null character at end • printf("Name: %s", name); • return 0; • }
- 9. EXAMPLE #3 Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 9 • #include <stdio.h> • int main() • { • char name[30]; • printf("Enter name: "); • gets(name); //Function to read string from user. • printf("Name: "); • puts(name); //Function to display string. • return 0; • }
- 10. Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui (BSCS) 10