Cairo Kubernetes Meetup - October event Talk #1
- 1. Why Kubernetes and Where to Start? By Ahmed El-Fakharany
- 3. The Bare Metal Age ● 1 machine = 1 application ● Very expensive ● Time consuming ● Required manual setup ● A lot of manpower ● A lot of wasted resources But, that was OK then because: ● The internet was scarce ● Very few used computers ● Phones were not “smart” ● No tablets, smart watches, TVs, etc.
- 4. The Virtualization Age ● 1 machine = n machines ● Saved costs ● More environments ● Faster lifecycle But, that was not enough because: ● Technology was moving fast ● Client expectations increased ● “It works on my machine!” problem ● The need for more cost optimization As a result: ● Emergence of Agile and DevOps ● Inception of Cloud Computing ● Rise of containerization
- 5. The Containerization Age ● 1 machine = n applications ● Ship code + machine ● Maximum resource utilization ● But 1 container = 1 process This lead to: ● The Microservices architecture Which brought challenges of its own: ● High-availability handling ● Zero-downtime requirement ● Load balancing ● Efficient resource management ● Containers may crash ● Nodes may fail ● Stateless vs. stateful services
- 6. Kubernetes
- 7. Why Kubernetes? ● Has larger market share than similar technologies like Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos, AWS ECS/Fargate, and Nomad (reference) ● Originally developed at Google and open sourced in 2014. It has the largest ecosystem. ● Native support by all major cloud providers ● The first member in CNCF (a subsidiary of the Linux Foundation) ● The GitHub repo has more than 2k contributors. ● Very fast-evolving, used in many production environments, and huge community support.
- 9. Kubernetes Basics Uses YAML or JSON definition files to build and manage components The basic deployment unit is the Pod. It may host one or more containers Pods can be created, destroyed, replicated, and moved across nodes automatically. Uses controllers to manage Pods like ReplicaSets, Deployments, and StatefulSets. Sample Pod definition
- 10. Where to start? Free Resources - Official documentation - Magalix Blog - Minikube: k8s cluster on your laptop (Linux) - Docker Desktop: macOS and Windows - Play with Kubernetes free k8s online - Kubernetes Playground Kubernetes Up & Running (available October 22nd) Books and courses: Kubernetes Certified Application Developer (CKAD) with Tests (Use coupon: UPRJKMSMEDCKAD10)