PRIMARY SURVEY
○ A: patent airway , can talk , no posterior cervical spine tenderness
○ B : spontaneous breathing , CCT negative , equal breath sound
both lungs
○ C : Vital signs : BP 118/76 mmHg , HR 84 bpm , no external bleeding
○ D : E4V5M6 , pupil 2 mm RTLBE
○ E : marked tender and swelling at left thigh , limit ROM , no external
wound
6.
SECONDARY SURVEY
○A :no food and no drug allergy
○M : current medication
- Enalapril (5) 1*1 PO pc
- Simvastasin (10) 1*1 PO hs
- Omeprazole (20) 1*1 PO ac
○P : Underlying disease : DM , dyslipidemia , dyspepsia
○L : last meal 15.00
○E : as present illness
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Vital signs:
T 37 C , PR 84/min , BP 118/76 mmHg , RR 18 /min
Measurement : 60 kg
GA : A Thai old woman good consciousness
HEENT : not pale conjunctivae , anicteric sclera , no subconjunctival haemorrhage ,
no contusion , no ecchymosis
Heart : full regular pulse , normal S1 S2 , no murmur , capillary refill < 2 S
Lungs : equal lung expansion , equal breath sound both lungs , no adventitious
sound
Abdomen : soft , no distension , not tender , normoactive bowel sound , no
guarding , no rebound tenderness
9.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Neuro :E4V5M6 , pupil 2 mm RTLBE , motor power grade V all
extremities except left leg cannot be evaluated
Extremities :
-marked tender and swelling at left thigh
-no deformity , no ecchymosis , limit ROM due to pain
-no shortening of both legs
-neurovascular intact
MANAGEMENT AT ER
AdmitORTHO
- CBC , BUN , Cr , Electrolyte , Ca , Anti HIV
- CXR
- film pelvis AP
- film left knee AP / lateral
- film left femur AP / lateral
- EKG 12 leads
- tramol 50 mg IV prn q 4 hr
- Plasil 10 mg IV pro q 6 hr
- on skin traction 2 kg
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Mechanism
○Elderly : lowenergy fall in osteoporotic patient
associated with distal radius / proximal humerus Fx
○Young : high energy trauma
must be R/O blunt chest / blunt abdominal injury
21.
PROGNOSIS
◦ 20-30% mortalityrisk in the first year following fracture
◦ factors that increase mortality
▪ male gender (25-30% mortality) vs female (20% mortality)
▪ higher in intertrochanteric fracture (vs femoral neck fracture)
▪ operative delay of >2 days
▪ age >85 years
▪ 2 or more pre-existing medical conditions
▪ ASA classification (ASA III and IV increases mortality)
◦ surgery within 48 hours decreases 1 year mortality
22.
SIGN AND SYMPTOM
○pain
○inabilityto ambulate after a fall or other injury and is exacerbated
by passive or active attempts of hip flexion or rotation.
○shortening of lower limbs
○external rotation
○swelling
○ecchymosis
CLASSIFICATION
○ Boyd Griffinclassification
○ Evan’s classification
○ AO/OTA classification
*remains no validated classification system to dictate the surgical procedure of choice
MANAGEMENT
○non operative
indications
▪ nonambulatorypatients
▪ patients at high risk for perioperative mortality
outcomes
▪ high rates of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, decubitus, and DT
○operative
○sliding hip compression screw
○intramedullary hip screw
○arthroplasty
*surgery within 48 hours decreases 1 year mortality