( CBC)
- 1. Topic: CBC (Complete blood count) Submitted To, Ms. Madhavi Narayane Tutor/ Clinical instructor Dept.of medical Surgical Nursing DMCON Submitted by, Mahin M.Pathan Bsc Nursing 1st year DMCON Roll No: 41
- 2. Genral objective • Introduction • White blood cell ( WBC, leukocyte) Count • Red blood cells ( RBC) Count • Hematocrit • Hemoglobin (Hgb) • Mean platelet volume • Platelets count • Explain the Procedure
- 3. Introduction • A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorder, including anemia, infection and leukemia.
- 4. A complete blood count test measures Several components and features of your blood, including: • Red blood cells, which carry oxygen • White blood cells, which fight infection • Hemoglobin ,the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells • Hematocrit, the proportion of red blood cells to the fluid component, or plasma, including your blood • Platelets, which helps with blood clotting.
- 5. A CBC Test Usually Includes White blood cells (WBC, leukocyte) Count: • Normal number of WBCs in the blood is 4.5-11/mm³ • white blood cells protect the body against infection. If an infection develops, white blood cells attack and destroy the bacteria, virus or other organism causing it. • White blood cells are bigger than red blood cells but fewer in number. • When a person has a bacterial infection, the number of White cells rises very quickly. • The number of white blood cells is sometimes used to find an infection or to see how the body is dealing with cancer treatment.
- 6. White blood cells types (WBC differential): • The major types of white blood cells are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Immature neutrophils, called band neutrophils, are also part of this test. • Each types of cells plays a different role in protecting the body. The numbers of each one of these types of white blood cells give important information about the Immune system. • Too many or too few of the different types of white blood cells can help find an infection, an allergic or toxic reaction to medicines or chemicals, and many conditions, such as leukemia.
- 7. Red blood cell (RBC) Count: • Normal range of RBC, Male- 4.2-5.4m/mm³ female- 3.6-5m/mm³ • Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They also carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs so it can be exhaled. • If the RBC count is low(anemia), the body many not be getting the oxygen it needs. If the count is too high ( a condition called polycythemia), there is a chance that the red blood cells will clump together and block tiny blood vessels (capillaries). This also makes it hard for your red blood cells to carry oxygen.
- 8. Hematocrite ( HCT, Packed cell volume, PCV) : Normal range of Hematocrite in, Male: 40.7%-50.3% Female: 36.1%-44.3% Infant: 32%-42% Newborn: 45%-61% • This test measures the amount of space (volume) red blood cells take up in the blood. • The value is given as a percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood. For example, a hematocrite of 38 means that 38% of the bloods volume is made of red blood cells. • Hematocrite and Hemoglobin values are the two major tests that show if Anemia Or polycythemia is present.
- 9. Hemoglobin (Hgb): Normal range of Hemoglobin in, male: 13.7-17.5g/dl female: 12-16g/dl • The Hemoglobin molecule fills up The red blood cells.it carries oxygen and gives The blood cell its color. • The Hemoglobin test measures The amount of Hemoglobin in blood and is a good measure of the bloods ability to carry oxygen throughout The body.
- 10. Red blood cells indices: • There are three Red blood cell indices: 1. Mean corpuscular volume( MCV), 2. Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) 3. Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration(MCHC). They are measured a machine, and their values come from other measurement in a CBC. • The MCV, which measures average size of red blood cells. • The MCH, which measures average amount of Hemoglobin in red blood cell. • These numbers help in the diagnosis of different types of anemia.
- 11. Platelet ( Thrombocyte) Count : • Normal platelets count is 1.5-4 lakh/mm³ • Platelets ( Thrombocytes) are the smallest type of blood cell. They are important in blood clotting. • When bleeding occurs, the platelets swell, clump together, and form a sticky plug that helps stop the bleeding. • If there are too few platelets, uncontrolled bleeding may be a problem. If there are too many platelets, there is a chance of a blood clot forming in a blood vessels.
- 12. Mean platelets volume ( MPV): • Mean platelets volume measures the average amount (volume) of platelets. • Mean platelets volume is used along with platelet count to diagnose some diseases. If the platelets count is normal, the mean platelets volume can still be too high or too low.
- 13. Procedure During a CBC, a lab technician will draw blood from a vein, typically from the inside of your elbow or from the back of your hand. The test will take only a few minutes The technician: • Cleans your skin with an antiseptic wipe • Places an elastic band, Or tourniquet, around your upper arm to help the vein swell with blood • Inserts a needle in the your and collects blood sample In one Or more vial • Removes the elastic band
- 14. • Covers the area with a bandage to stop any bleeding • Lable your sample and send it to a lab for analysis Most CBC result are available within a few hours to a day after testing.
- 15. Lavender top tube /EDTA tube • This tube contains EDTA (Ethylene diamine Tetra acetic acid) as an anticoagulant . • Test used for : • CBC
- 16. Sodium Citrate tube • Which contain 3.2% sodium Citrate. Which is acts as a Reversible Anticoagulant by binding to calcium in the blood. • Test used for: • Coagulation Testing And whole blood determination.
- 17. Sodium fluoride tube • It contains two agents 1. Sodium fluoride- preserver. 2. Potassium oxalate- as an anticoagulant. • Test used for: • Glucose FBS • GTT • Lactate
- 18. ESR tube Acid citrate dextrose
- 19. Heparin tube Serum sprator tube Red top tube
- 20. Summary We have just learnt about: • Introduction • White blood cell count • White blood cells types (WBC differential) • Red blood cell ( RBC Count) • Hematocrite • Hemoglobin • Red blood cell indices • Platelets count • Mean Platelets volume ( MPV) • pocedure
- 21. Conclusion • The Complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test that helps doctors evaluate the overall health of a patient. It is also used to detect any sort of disorder in the patient, such as leukemia or anemia, which is often caused due to lower red blood cells count .
- 22. Questions • Normal value of WBC, RBC and platelets? • Explain the procedure of CBC test?
- 23. Refence • I clement • Sr Nancy
- 24. Thank you