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cell adhesion molecules
This document discusses cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which are glycoproteins located on cell surfaces that help cells stick to each other and their surroundings. CAMs are classified into five major families: cadherins, Ig superfamily CAMs, selectins, integrins, and mucins. Cadherins are calcium-dependent and form connections between cells called desmosomes. Selectins help with inflammation and lymphocyte homing. Integrins facilitate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and are composed of alpha and beta subunits. Malfunctions in CAMs can lead to conditions like breast cancer and leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome.
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cell adhesion molecules
- 2. Cell adhesionmolecules (CAMs) are glycoproteins located on the cell surface. These proteins are typically trans membrane receptors and are composed of three domains: intracellular domain......with cytoskeleton trans membrane domain...with CAMs extracellular domain...with extracellular matrix CAMs are involved in binding with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM). help cells to stick to each other and to their surroundings.
- 3. Cell adhesionreceptors enable cells to recognize and bind molecules on other cells or in the extracellular matrix. Cell adhesion receptors can form Homophilic (or homotypic) adhesions – between same type of molecules( Cadherin – cadherin) Heterophilic (or heterotypic) adhesions –between different type of molecules(Selectins – mucins)
- 4. Most of thecell adhesion molecules belong to five major protein families: Cadherins IgSuper family CAMs Selctins Integrins Mucins
- 5. The cadherinsare calcium-dependent adhesion molecules plays important role in cell adhesion by forming desmosomes. Sub classes Neural (N)-Cadherin Placental(P)- Cadherin Epithelial(E)-Cadherin They exhibit homophilic adhesion. The failure of cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion cascade ------breast cancer. .
- 6. The Igsuperfamily CAMs are calcium-independent trans membrane glycoproteins. Members includes: ICAM, VCAM-1 PECAM-1, NCAM. function by both homophilic and heterophilic binding Involved in recognition, binding or adhesion processes of cells. all possess an extracellular region known as immunoglobulin domains or folds.
- 7. The selectinsare a family of divalent cation dependent glycoproteins. They are carbohydrate-binding proteins. Members includes: Endothelial (E)-selectin Leukocyte (L)-selectin Platelet (P)-selectin plays an important role in many host defense mechanisms.
- 8. Integrins area diverse and large group of heterodimeric glycoproteins. alpha and beta.. both participate in binding. Eight sub families.. β1 through β8. Integrins participate in cell-cell adhesion , in binding and interactions of cells with components of the extracellular matrix such as fibronectin.
- 9. The Mucinsare the group of serine and threonine-rich protein and hydroxyproline enabling post-translational O-glycosylation. Their extended structure allows them to present sulfated carbohydrate moieties as binding site for selectins
- 10. Cell adhesion moleculeshave following functions: Involvement in inflammation Tumorigenesis Establishment of the blood-brain barrier Involvement in lymphocyte homing In regulation of apoptosis.
- 11. Special interactionsbetween molecule expressed on the surface of leukocytes (receptor) and molecule on the surface of potential target cells (ligands) are important mechanism in cell-cell communication. These surface molecules collectively called cell adhesion molecule. They are classified into five major families. Despite of their various role, malfunctioning of CAMs leads to breast cancer, leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndrome , epithelial cell cancer
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