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Cell:Structure and Functions
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- 2. Cell Theory • Allliving things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
- 3. Definition of Cell Acell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
- 4. Examples of Cells AmoebaProteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria
- 5. Two Types ofCells •Prokaryotic •Eukaryotic
- 6. Prokaryotic • Do nothave structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
- 7. Eukaryotic • Contain organellessurrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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- 12. Cell Membrane • Outermembrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 13. Cell Wall • Mostcommonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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- 15. Nucleus • Directs cellactivities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA
- 16. Nuclear Membrane • Surroundsnucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 17. Chromosomes • In nucleus •Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 18. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus •Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 19. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture •Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material
- 20. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Movesmaterials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 21. Ribosomes • Each cellcontains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 22. Mitochondria • Produces energythrough chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 23. Golgi Bodies • Protein'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 24. Lysosome • Digestive 'plant'for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 25. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs forstorage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
- 26. Chloroplast • Usually foundin plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html