Downloaded 37 times
Uploaded bySofia Paz
Cellular Respiration
The document outlines the process of cellular respiration, detailing how energy is harvested from food through ATP production in mitochondria during glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. It explains the roles of NAD+ and FAD in oxidation-reduction reactions and highlights that without oxygen, cells resort to glycolysis and fermentation processes, leading to lactic acid or ethanol production. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of ATP as the main energy currency for cellular activities.
More Related Content
![Transcripción y traducción de adn 1 ppt 2015 [autoguardado]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/transcripcinytraduccindeadn1ppt2015autoguardado-150812162651-lva1-app6892-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Cellular Respiration
- 1. 6H2O + 6CO2+ EnergyC6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical EnergyHarvesting Chemical Energy
- 2. Energy: •Energy for livingthings comes from food. Originally, the energy in food comes from the sun.
- 4.
- 5. Adenine Ribose 3Phosphate groups Cell Energy: •Cells usable source of energy is called ATP •ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
- 6. • ADP standsfor adenosine diphosphate Adenine Ribose 2 Phosphate groups
- 7. •All energy isstored in the bonds of compounds— breaking the bond releases the energy •When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP
- 8. • ATP isconverted into ADP by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups and releasing energy for cellular processes.
- 9. Mitochondria The matrixwhere 3- carbon pieces that came from carbohydrates are broken down to (CO2 and water) The cristae is where ATP is made
- 11. REDOX Reactions A chemicalreaction in which there is the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and Reduction is the addition of electrons. Because the electron transfer requires a donor and an acceptor, oxidation and reduction always go together.
- 12. C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + H2O oxidation reduction
- 13. In general, organicmolecules that have an abundance of H atoms are excellent food sources because they have “hilltop” electrons with the potential to “fall” closer to oxygen. Glucose loses hydrogen atoms but they are not passed directly to oxygen. They are passed to a coenzyme first NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinuclotide). NAD+ serves as the oxidizing agent.
- 14.
- 16. Four Stages ofCellular RespirationFour Stages of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Preparation for Citric Acid Cycle Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport
- 17. GlycolysisGlycolysis Splits a glucose moleculeinto 2 - 3 Carbon molecules called PYRUVATEPYRUVATE. products: 2 ATP, NADH and pyruvate http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ch apter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works. html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ch apter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works. html
- 18. NAD= Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide FAD=Flavin adenine dinucleotide
- 20. Preparation for theCitric Acid CyclePreparation for the Citric Acid Cycle The pyruvate looses a carbon leaving the 2 carbon molecule Acetyl CoA CC CO2 products: CO2, Acetyl CoA and NADH
- 21. CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION NAD+ NADH +H+ 2 1 3 Pyruvate Transport protein CO2 Coenzyme A Acetyl CoA
- 22. The Citric AcidCycleThe Citric Acid Cycle Products: CO2 ATP, NADH, FADH http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view 0/chapter25/animation__how_the_kreb s_cycle_works__quiz_1_.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view 0/chapter25/animation__how_the_kreb s_cycle_works__quiz_1_.html
- 23. Electron TransportElectron Transport Themitochondria has two membranes--the outer one and the inner membrane which is convoluted. The H+ which are brought to mitochondria accumulate between these two membranes.
- 24. matrix H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ outer membrane inner membrane (ATP synthetase) The matrix is a protein rich solution which contain the enzymes which run electron transport. ATP SYNTHETASE is the enzyme which is responsible for making ATP. MitochondriaMitochondria H+ H+NAD H+
- 25. The electrons arepassed back and forth across the membrane where their energy is gradually decreased and used to transport H+ through the membrane. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and it joins with the H+ to produce H2O. If there is no oxygen, the electron chain cannot continue because there is no way to release electrons .. electrons
- 27.
- 28.
- 30. Products of theElectron Transport ChainProducts of the Electron Transport Chain 34 ATP Water +
- 31. ONE GLUCOSE MOLECULEPRODUCESONE GLUCOSE MOLECULE PRODUCES 38 ATP38 ATP Each NADH 3 ATP Each FADH 2 ATP •Glycolysis (2 NADH) 6 ATP •Prep for Citric Acid 6 ATP •Citric Acid (6 NADH) 18 ATP • (2 FADH2) 4 ATP • 34 ATP •direct 4 ATP •total 38 ATP
- 32. glycolysis NADH carries electrons toETC prep Krebs Electron Transport chain ATP
- 34. What happens whenthere is no oxygenWhat happens when there is no oxygen to accept the electrons?to accept the electrons? Only the process of glycolysis is carried out and lactic acid is produced in the muscles. The body cannot tolerate much lactic acid and it must eventually be converted in the liver to pyruvate. results in muscle soreness
- 35. Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation Someorganisms carry out alcoholic fermentation. This was discovered by Louis Pasteur in his study of the chemistry of wines. Yeasts break down the sugars in the juice to pyruvate by glycolysis, then the pyruvate is dismantled to yeild CO2 and ETHANOL. If the fermentation continues until all the sugar is used, a dry wine is produced. If fermentation is stopped before all the sugar is used, then a sweet wine is produced.
- 39. The breakdown ofglucose is exergonic with a free energy exchange of –686. This means that the products store less energy than the reactants. Catabolic pathways do not directly do cellular work but are linked to work by a chemical drive shaft: ATP
- 40.
Editor's Notes
- #22 Figure 9.10 Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the junction between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle