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Cellulitis
Cellulitis is an acute spreading bacterial skin infection characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain below the skin surface. It occurs when bacteria enter through a break in the skin barrier and release toxins in subcutaneous tissues. Common causes of skin breaks are abrasions, cuts, ulcers, trauma, or insect bites. Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci are usual causative agents. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, erythema, swelling, tenderness, pain, and lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and potentially cultures. Treatment consists of antibiotics, immobilization, elevation, and moist heat depending on severity. Complications can include blood infections, bone
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Cellulitis
- 1.
- 2. Cellulitis: • An acutespreading bacterial infection below the surface of the skin characterized by redness (erythema), warmth, swelling, and pain. • Cellulitis occurs when an entry point through normal skin barriers allows bacteria to enter and release their toxins in the subcutaneous tissues.
- 3. Etiology • Break inthe skin from an abrasion, a cut, or a skin ulcer. • Local trauma, such as an animal bite. • Bacteremic spread of infection - bacteria arriving from a distant source via the bloodstream. Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci are usual causative agents.
- 4. Pathophysiology • Break inthe skin, such as a fissure, cut, laceration, insect bite, or puncture wound causes entry of bacteria into the subcutaneous tissue. • Deep inflammation of subcutaneous tissue from enzymes produced by bacteria.
- 5. Signs And Symptoms •Fever • Chills • Erythema • Swelling • Local tenderness and pain • Malaise. • Regional lymphnodes may also be tender and enlarged(lymphadenopathy).
- 6. Diagnosis • History collection •Physical examination • CBC • Culture and sensitivity
- 7. Management • Mild casesof cellulitis can be treated on an outpatient basis with oral antibiotic therapy with Dicloxacillin, Amoxicillin, or Cephalexin • If the cellulitis is severe, the patient is hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics for at least 7 to 14 days. • Immobilize the part and elevate the extremity above the level of heart • Provide moist heat to promote wound healing
- 8. Complications: • Blood infection(septicaemia) • Bone infection (osteomyelitis) • Inflammation of the lymph vessels (lymphangitis) • Inflammation of the heart (endocarditis) • Meningitis • Shock • Tissue death (gangrene)