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Ch 07
The document discusses different types of transmission media, including guided media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. It also discusses unguided media like radio waves, microwaves, and infrared signals. Twisted-pair cable is used for digital LANs up to 600 Mbps. Coaxial cable was used for thick and thin Ethernet. Fiber-optic cable uses glass strands to transmit data using light pulses and has very high bandwidth. Radio waves propagate through sky waves or ground waves and are used for radio, TV, and navigation. Microwaves use line-of-sight propagation for cellular networks and wireless LANs. Infrared can transmit over short ranges in a closed area
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Ch 07
- 1.
- 2. Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer
- 3. Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media
- 4. 7.1 GuidedMedia Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable
- 5. Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable
- 6. Figure 7.4 UTP and STP
- 7. Table 7.1 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables 600 MHz 200 MHz 100 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz < 2 MHz very low Bandwidth LANs Digital 600 Mbps 7 (draft) LANs Digital 200 Mbps 6 (draft) LANs Digital 100 Mbps 5 LANs Digital 20 Mbps 4 LANs Digital 10 Mbps 3 T-1 lines Analog/digital 2 Mbps 2 Telephone Analog < 100 kbps 1 Use Digital/Analog Data Rate Category
- 8. Figure 7.5 UTP connector
- 9. Figure 7.6 UTP performance
- 10. Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable
- 11. Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables 50 50 75 Impedance Thick Ethernet RG-11 Thin Ethernet RG-58 Cable TV RG-59 Use Category
- 12. Figure 7.8 BNC connectors
- 13. Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance
- 14. Figure 7.10 Bending of light ray
- 15. Figure 7.11 Optical fiber
- 16. Figure 7.12 Propagation modes
- 17. Figure 7.13 Modes
- 18. Table 7.3 Fiber types 7/125 100/125 62.5/125 50/125 Type 7 100 62.5 50 Core Single-mode 125 Multimode, graded-index 125 Multimode, graded-index 125 Multimode, graded-index 125 Mode Cladding
- 19. Figure 7.14 Fiber construction
- 20. Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors
- 21. Figure 7.16 Optical fiber performance
- 22. 7.2 UnguidedMedia: Wireless Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared
- 23. Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication
- 24. Figure 7.18 Propagation methods
- 25. Table 7.4 Bands VHF TV, FM radio Sky and line-of-sight 30–300 MHz VHF UHF TV, cellular phones, paging, satellite Line-of-sight 300 MHz–3 GHz UHF Satellite communication Line-of-sight 3–30 GHz SHF Long-range radio navigation Line-of-sight 30–300 GHz EHF 3–30 MHz 300 KHz–3 MHz 30–300 KHz 3–30 KHz Range Citizens band (CB), ship/aircraft communication Sky HF AM radio Sky MF Radio beacons and navigational locators Ground LF Long-range radio navigation Ground VLF Application Propagation Band
- 26. Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves
- 27. Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antennas
- 28. Radio waves areused for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. Note :
- 29. Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas
- 30. Microwaves are usedfor unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs. Note :
- 31. Infrared signals canbe used for short-range communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation. Note :