Ch 1 GW 1 - Nature of Tourism

Who are the tourists?
• Tourists are persons travelling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for more than 24
hours but not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes.
• Tourism refers to the
activities of tourists.
• International tourism
refers to tourism outside
of a tourist’s own country.
• Domestic tourism refers
to tourism within a
tourist’s own country.

Pitstops
Pitstop 1 [8m]
Q1 [2m] and Q2 [6m]
Learning outcomes: Key terms:
A) Who are the tourists?
B) How do tourist destinations differ from one
another?
 Describe and give examples of different
types of tourism.
 Explain why tourist activities are different
at different places.
C) What factors affect the nature of tourism?
 Discuss the roles of different groups in
promoting tourism
• Tourist
• MICE
• Honeypot tourism
• Medical tourism
• Film-induced tourism
• Heritage tourism
• Pilgrimage tourism
• Dark tourism

How do tourist destinations differ?
Different places
and environments
Provides different
opportunities for
tourist activities
Depends on the
characteristics
of the location
Types of tourism
1. Places of scenic beauty Natural environments
2. Places with good facilities MICE facilities,
Medical facilities,
Theme parks
3. Places with rich culture Heritage tourism,
Film-induced tourism,
Pilgrimage tourism
4. Places of conflicts Dark tourism

Types of tourism
1. Places of scenic beauty (TB pg. 6)
Type of
natural
environment
Why it is popular with
tourists?
Specific example What can tourists
do at this sites?
Wildlife sites
Mountainous
areas
It has unique
combinations of
vegetation, wildlife,
weather and high altitude
draws mountaineers.
Coastal
regions
Coastal resorts
such as Phuket,
Thailand.

Plains of Kenya (Kenya Tours)
Wildlife sites

Himalayas, Nepal (3rd highest mountain in the world)
Mountainous areas

Phuket, Thailand
Coastal regions

Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, Africa

The spray from the
falls make the
River Zambezi Rain
Forest the only
place that
receives rainfall
24 hours a day,
7 days a week!

Swimming on top
of Victoria Falls
#theresareasonwhyits
calledvictoriaFALLS
#justsaying

Types of tourism
1. Places of scenic beauty
• Honeypot tourism refers to tourism that attracts large
numbers of people due to a site’s scenic beauty.
SpainGrand Canyon, National Park in USA

Pitstops
Pitstop 2 [16m]
Q1a [3m], Q1b [2m], Q2a [1m], Q2b [1m], Q2c [2m],
Q2d [2m], Q2g [2m], Q2h [3m]
(Honeypot tourism)
Medical facilities,
Theme parks
Pilgrimage tourism
Types of tourism

Types of tourism
2. Places with good facilities (TB pg. 8–13)
Name of
facility
Specific examples
with details
Description of facility Why is it
attractive to
tourists?
Meetings,
Incentives,
Conventions
and Events
(MICE)
facilities
Venues that can host large-
scale events such as meetings
& conventions.
It has supporting
infrastructure and services
such as hotels and retail
shops.
Reliable telecommunication
networks and variety of
shopping and entertainment
options nearby.

A Clean Energy Conference held in India
was attended by foreign delegates
Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events (MICE) facilities

Resorts World Sentosa Convention Centre which won the
“Business Event Venue of the Year” in 2014

Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre

Marina Bay Sands Singapore

Formula 1 Singapore Grand Prix

Types of tourism
Name of
facility
Specific examples with details Description of facility Why is it
attractive
to tourists?
Medical
facilities
Highly skilled doctors and
advance technology with
excellent reputations for
medical procedures.

Medical facilities
Nucleus Hospital in Dubai

Types of tourism
Name of
facility
Specific examples with details Description of facility Why is it
attractive
to tourists?
Theme Parks The Walt Disney World in
Florida, consists of 6 theme
parks & water parks, dozens
of recreational venues and
23 on-site themed hotels. It
is the most visited tourist
site which attracted 17
million tourists in 2011.

Walt Disney World in Florida, the USA
(occupies an area about one-fifth the size of Singapore!)
Theme parks

Disneyland, Tokyo, Japan
Theme parks

Figure 1.7 The world’s major locations for places with good facilities.
Study Fig 1.7 which shows the world’s major locations for places with good facilities.
Describe and explain the distribution of MICE facilities around the world. [4m]

Types of tourism: Exit Ticket
No. Tourist Interest Reason why the tourists
could be attracted to
these places
Tourism
category
1. I want to travel to Singapore
for medical treatment.
2. I want to hike up Mt Everest.
3. I want to see elephants in
Kenya.
4. I want to go South Korea for a
plastic surgery.
5. I want to see the F1 race in
Singapore.
6. I want to visit Disney Land in
USA.
7. I want to soak in a hot spring.

Pitstops
Pitstop 3 [11m]
Q1 [2m], Q2 [4m], Q 4a [1m], Q 4b [1m], Q5 [3m]
Medical facilities,
Theme parks
Pilgrimage tourism
Types of tourism

Types of tourism
3. Places with rich culture (TB pg. 14-17)
Type of
tourism
Description of tourism activity.
Why would people travel there
to visit?
Specific example(s) with details
Heritage
tourism
People travel to locations to
experience different cultures and
to understand history of places
better.

Machu Picchu, Peru. This site reveals the 500-year-old stone
architecture, walls and terraces built by the Inca Civilisation.
Heritage Tourism

Ancient city of Sukhothai, which was the Thai capital
some 800 years ago. Over the 120 years as Siam’s capital,
it was ruled by many kings.
Heritage Tourism

Shakespeare’s birthplace in Stratford-upon-Avon, London
Heritage Tourism

Stonehenge, located in Salisbury, England, is regarded as a
British cultural icon. How these stone slabs (weighing several
Heritage Tourism

Types of tourism
Type of
tourism
to visit?
Film-induced
tourism
People visit Matamata in New
Zealand to see the set used for
the “Lord of the Rings” movie.

Matamata, New Zealand,
was the filming set of the movie The Lord of the Rings.

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China,
where the movie Avatar was featured.

Types of tourism
Type of
tourism
to visit?
Film-induced
tourism
People visit Matamata in New
Zealand to see the set used for
the “Lord of the Rings” movie.
Pilgrimage
tourism
For Muslims who practice Islam,
going for the Hajj to Mecca in
Saudi Arabia is a religious duty.
The annual Hajj to Mecca has
become the world’s largest
pilgrimage, attracting over 3
million pilgrims (of which 1.8
million from other countries).

Mecca, Saudi Arabia (for Muslims)
Pilgrimage Tourism

Jerusalem, Israel (Christians, Jews, Muslims)
Pilgrimage Tourism

Vatican City (Catholics)
Pilgrimage Tourism

Varanasi, India (Hindus)
Pilgrimage Tourism

Wait for it! Take a break in the meantime ; )
Medical facilities,
Theme parks
Pilgrimage tourism
Types of tourism
Pitstops

Types of tourism
4. Places of conflict (TB pg. 18)
Type of
tourism
Specific example Description of the
site. What had
happened here?
Why would
tourists want to
visit this place?
Natural
disaster
War /
Military
campaign
Cu Chi Tunnels in
Vietnam

The Ruins of Pompeii, Italy, where a Roman town was buried
in ash by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD.
Natural disaster
Ruins of the townAncient town excavated

The Cu Chi and Vinh Moc Tunnels in Vietnam.
These tunnels were dug by Vietnamese soldiers during the
Vietnam War against the American troops.
War / Military Campaign
Underground tunnel system
Crawling through the tunnel

Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, discovered in
1979. The Khmer Rouge regime arrested and eventually executed almost
everyone suspected of connections with the former government or with
foreign governments, as well as professionals and intellectuals.
Human atrocity /
Crimes against humanity
Prison cells
Skulls of
victims
Instruments of torture

Ground Zero in New York City, USA, commemorates the
victims of the September 11 terrorist attack in 2001.
Two hijacked plans slammed into the World Trade Center
buildings, killing more than 3,000 people.
Terrorist attack
Names of victims engraved
Site where the
two towers stood

Pitstops
Essay Question [8m]
“All tourists want to engage in dark tourism.”
How far do you agree with this statement? Give
evidence to support your answer.
Types of tourism
Medical facilities,
Theme parks
Pilgrimage tourism

Who/what affects the nature of
tourism?
Roles of different groups in promoting tourism:
1) Government
2) Media
3) International organisations

tourism?
1) Government
Singapore Tourism Board (STB)
• Promotes SG as a tourist destination
(market SG to the world)
• Facilitates tourism-related businesses to invest in SG
(e.g. hotels, resorts, cruises etc)
• Encourages development
of new attractions
(e.g. River Safari, GBTB,
Integrated Resorts)

tourism?
1) Government
• Influences the no. of visitors
& visitors' length of stay

http://www.visitsingapore.com/editorials/12-reasons-to-visit-singapore-in-2018/
www.visitsingapore.com

www.visitsingapore.com

tourism?
1) Government
• Influences the no. of visitors
& visitors' length of stay
• Authorise air landings
• Allow building of facilities (e.g. hotels)
• Woo organisers to host major events in SG (e.g. F1)
• Plan, fund and build tourism-related infrastructure
• E.g. airports, roads, ports, tourist attractions
• Ensure the safety and security of touristy sites

Wooing international organisers to host major events in SG

Government to plan and fund the rejuvenation of Orchard Road

Chinatown Food Street underwent a $4 million overhaul in 2013

Government investing & building tourist attractions island wide
S$1 billion superpark, Annual operating cost ~ $53 million

tourism?
2) Media
• Includes television, radio, newspapers & the Internet
• Positive reports encourage tourists to visit
• Negative reports deter visitors (short & long term impact)
• Can popularise or create awareness
of destinations that people have
previously not considered
• Can influence the decisions
of tourists to visit a place

Travel writers visit and write reviews about places –
their work appears in travel guidebooks, magazine & the Internet
Travel writers evaluate the destination for their readers
and also provide travel advice

Ushuaïa, Fin Del Mundo, Argentina
(southern most city of the world)

tourism?
• Refers to a group of different countries that
work together for a common purpose.
a. OECD Tourism Committee
b. UNWTO
c. WHO

a. OECD Tourism
Committee
b. UNWTO
Member
countries
38 (mostly developed
countries)
154
Works
mostly
with:
- Governments
- Other
international
organisations
- Governments
- Private
organisations
Focus on
promoting:
- Sustainable
growth of
tourism
- Tourism as tool
for national
growth and
job creation
- Sustainable
development of
tourism
- Tourism as tool for
poverty reduction,
job creation &
business creation
Meets
regularly
Policies,
Guidelines,
Statistics,
Analysis
Similar or
different?

Regular meetings of member countries

Why are such info
important/useful?
What UNWTO does

a. OECD Tourism
Committee
b. UNWTO
Member
countries
38 (mostly developed
countries)
154
Works
mostly
with:
- Governments
- Other
international
organisations
- Governments
- Private
organisations
Focus on
promoting:
- Sustainable
growth of
tourism
- Tourism as tool
for national
growth and
job creation
- Sustainable
development of
tourism
- Tourism as tool for
poverty reduction,
job creation &
business creation
c. WHO
- Provides
leadership on
global health
matters
- Provides
situation
updates &
health
advisories
- Capable of
influencing
global
behaviour

SARS outbreak between November 2002 and July 2003
774 deaths reported in 37 countries

Travel advisories issued by WHO:
2003 SARS outbreak in SG
What is the
impact?

Travel advisories issued by WHO:
2003 SARS outbreak in SG

Notice
Level
Traveler Action Risk to Traveler
Level 1:
Watch
Reminder to
follow usual
precautions for this
destination
Usual baseline risk or slightly above
baseline risk for destination and
limited impact to the traveler
Level 2:
Alert
Follow enhanced
precautions for this
destination
Increased risk in defined settings or
associated with specific risk factors;
certain high-risk populations may wish
to delay travel to these destinations
Level 3:
Warning
Avoid all non-
essential travel to
this destination
High risk to travelers
Travel advisories
issued by WHO

tourism?
1) Government
2) Media
Can
Encourage tourism or
Deter tourists

Pitstops
Pitstop 5 [6m]
1a [1m], 1b [1m], 2a [2m], 2b [2m]
Learning outcomes: Key terms:
A) Who are the tourists?
B) How do tourist destinations differ from one
another?
 Describe and give examples of different
types of tourism.
 Explain why tourist activities are different
at different places.
C) What factors affect the nature of tourism?
 Discuss the roles of different groups in
promoting tourism
• Tourist
• MICE
• Honeypot tourism
• Medical tourism
• Film-induced tourism
• Heritage tourism
• Pilgrimage tourism
• Dark tourism

Ch 1 GW 1 - Nature of Tourism

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