Ch 4 managing in a global environment
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This document summarizes key chapters from the 10th edition of the textbook "Management" by Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter. The summarized chapter discusses managing in a global environment, including defining parochialism and contrasting ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric attitudes towards global business. It also describes major regional trade agreements like the EU and NAFTA, and the role of the WTO. The challenges of global management are outlined, such as adjusting leadership styles to address cultural differences.
Ch 4 managing in a global environment
- 1. Management tenth edition Stephen P. Robbins Mary Coulter Chapter Managing in a 4 Global Environment Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–1
- 2. Learning Outcomes Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. 4.1 What’s Your Global perspective? • Define parochialism. • Contrast ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric attitudes towards global business. 4.2 Understanding The global Environment • Describe the current status of the EU, NAFTA, ASEAN and other Regional Trade Allowances. • Discuss the role of the WTO. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–2
- 3. Learning Outcomes 4.3 Doing Business Globally • Contrast multinational, multidomestic, global, transnational, and born global organizations. • Describe the different ways organizations can go international. 4.4 Managing In A Global Environment. • Explain how the global legal-political and economic environments affect managers. • Discuss Hofstede’s five dimensions for assessing cultures. • Describe the challenges of doing business globally in today’s world. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–3
- 4. Learning Outcomes 4.4 Managing In A Global Environment. • Explain how the global legal-political and economic environments affect managers. • Discuss Hofstede’s five dimensions for assessing cultures. • Describe the challenges of doing business globally in today’s world. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–4
- 5. The Global Marketplace • Opportunities and Challenges Coping with the unexpected appearance of new competitors Acknowledging cultural, political, and economic differences Dealing with increased uncertainty, fear, and worry Adapting to changes in the global environment Avoiding parochialism Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–5
- 6. What’s Your Global Perspective? • Parochialism Is viewing the world exclusively through one’s own eyes and perspectives. Is not recognizing that others have different ways of living and working. Is a significant problem for managers working in a global business world. Is falling into the trap of ignoring others’ values and customs and strictly applying an attitude of “ours is better than theirs” to foreign cultures. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–6
- 7. Adopting a Global Perspective • Ethnocentric Attitude The parochalistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. • Polycentric Attitude The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business. • Geocentric Attitude A world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–7
- 8. Regional Trading Agreements • The European Union (EU) A unified economic and trade entity Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Finland, and Sweden • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Eliminated barriers to free trade (tariffs, import licensing requirements, and customs user fees) United States, Canada, and Mexico Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–8
- 9. Exhibit 4–1 European Union Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–9
- 10. Regional Trading Agreements • U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) • Free Trade Area of the Americas • Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations • African Union • South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SARRC) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–10
- 11. Exhibit 4–2 ASEAN Members Source: Based on J. McClenahen and T. Clark, “ASEAN at Work,” IW. May 19, 1997, p. 42. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–11
- 12. The World Trade Organization (WTO) • Evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995. • Functions as the only global organization dealing with the rules of trade among nations. • Has 149 member nations and 32 observer governments. • Monitors and promotes world trade. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–12
- 13. Different Types of International Organizations • Multinational Corporation (MNC) Maintains operations in multiple countries. • Multidomestic Corporation Is an MNC that decentralizes management and other decisions to the local country. • Global Company Is an MNC that centralizes its management and other decisions in the home country. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–13
- 14. Different Types of International Organizations (cont’d) • Transnational Corporation (Borderless Organization) Is an MNC that has eliminated structural divisions that impose artificial geographic barriers and is organized along business lines that reflect a geocentric attitude. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–14
- 15. Managing in A Global Environment • The Legal Environment Stability or instability of legal and political systems Legal procedures are established and followed Fair and honest elections held on a regular basis Differences in the laws of various nations Effects on business activities Effects on delivery of products and services Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–15
- 16. The Economic Environment • Economic Systems Free market economy An economy in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector. Planned economy An economy in which all economic decisions are planned by a central government. • Monetary and Financial Factors Currency exchange rates Inflation rates Diverse tax policies Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–16
- 17. The Cultural Environment • National Culture Is the values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and their beliefs about what is important. May have more influence on an organization than the organization culture. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–17
- 18. Exhibit 4–4 What Are Americans Like Americans are very informal. Americans are direct. Americans are competitive. Americans are achievers. Americans are independent and individualistic. Americans are questioners. Americans dislike silence. Americans value punctuality. Americans value cleanliness. Sources: Based on M. Ernest (ed.), Predeparture Orientation Handbook: For Foreign Students and Scholars Planning to Study in the United States (Washington, DC: U.S. Information Agency, Bureau of Cultural Affairs, 1984), pp. 103–05; A. Bennett, “American Culture Is Often a Puzzle for Foreign Managers in the U.S.,” Wall Street Journal, February 12, 1986, p. 29; “Don’t Think Our Way’s the Only Way,” The Pryor Report, February 1988, p. 9; and B.J. Wattenberg, “The Attitudes behind American Exceptionalism,” U.S. News & World Report, August 7, 1989, p. 25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–18
- 19. Global Management in Today’s World • Challenges Openness associated with globalization Significant cultural differences (e.g., Americanization) Adjusting leadership styles and management approaches • Risks Loss of investments in unstable countries Increased terrorism Economic interdependence Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–19
- 20. Terms to Know • parochialism • born globals • ethnocentric attitude • global sourcing • polycentric attitude • exporting • geocentric attitude • importing • European Union (EU) • licensing • Euro • franchising • North American Free Trade • strategic alliances Agreement (NAFTA) • joint venture • Association of Southeast Asian • foreign subsidiary Nations (ASEAN) • market economy • World Trade Organization • command economy (WTO) • • national culture multinational corporations (MNCs) • GLOBE • multidomestic corporation • wikis • global company • blogs • transnational or borderless organization Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4–20