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Ch7 intercultural communication power point
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- 2. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Exchange of information between people from different cultural background
- 3. STUDYING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONIS IMPORTANT: We communicate with people from other cultures increasingly Global business requires more Intercultural communication We are curious about other people After the convergence of technologies we communicate with people from other cultures
- 4. CULTURE: Culture isa unique combination of rituals religious beliefs ways of thinking and ways of behaving.
- 5. DOMINANT CULTURES Dominant culture: those who have the power and influence in the group. In the USA this means: white, male, able-bodied, strait, married and employed.
- 6. NON-DOMINANT CULTURES Non-dominant(marginalized) culture: exists within the dominant group but differs from it in some significant characteristic. This term includes people of color, women, gays, lesbians, bisexuals, people with disabilities, the lower and working class, the unemployed/underemployed, the young and the elderly.
- 7. NON-DOMINANT GROUPS USEVARIOUS METHODS TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE DOMINANT GROUP: assimilation accommodation separation
- 8. NON-DOMINANT GROUPS USEVARIOUS METHODS TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE DOMINANT GROUP: Assimilation: non-dominant group’s attempt to “fit in” the dominant group. Accommodation: the marginalized group manages to keep its identity while striving for positive relationship with the dominant culture. Separation: the marginalized group relates as exclusively as possible with its own group Separation goal can be carried to an extreme: skinheads are openly racist, non-whites openly anti whites, some parliamentary groups openly anti-government.
- 9. CULTURE THAT DOESNOT TRY TO FIT IN An example of a non-dominant culture that does not try to fit into the dominant culture in the United States is The Amish
- 10. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS: Ethnocentrism stereotyping prejudice
- 11. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS: Ethnocentrism: the belief that your own group or culture is superior to other groups and cultures. Cultural relativism: the belief that another culture should be judged by its own context rather than measured against your culture.
- 12. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS: Stereotyping in intercultural communication: to generalize about some group of people that oversimplifies their culture. (Chinese are good at math) Prejudice in intercultural communication: is a negative attitude toward a group of people just because who they are. (People who speak languages other than English)
- 13. CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENTCULTURES: Individualistic cultures & Collectivistic cultures https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw-HgnZO1js
- 14. INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURES: cultures that value the individual over group. They value individual freedom, choice, uniqueness, independence. They place “I” before “we,” value competition over cooperation, private property over state-owned properties, personal behavior over group behavior. loyalty to an institution, job, family are less important. Examples: USA, Australia, Great Britain, Canada, the Netherlands.
- 15. COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURES: cultures that value the group over the individual. They place “we” before “I,” value over competition; state-owned properties over private property; personal behavior over group behavior; group behavior over personal behavior; loyalty to an institution, job, family are extremely important. Examples: Venezuela, Pakistan, Peru, Taiwan, Thailand, China and Japan.
- 16. UNCERTAINTY-ACCEPTING & UNCERTAINTY-REJECTING CULTURES Uncertainty-accepting & Uncertainty-rejecting cultures: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qem46KUMIOM
- 17. UNCERTAINTY-ACCEPTING & UNCERTAINTY-REJECTING CULTURES Uncertainty-accepting cultures: Cultures that tolerate ambiguity, uncertainty and diversity. Examples: USA, Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, Singapore, Hong Kong, Ireland, India. Uncertainty-rejecting cultures: Cultures that have difficulty with ambiguity, uncertainty and diversity. Examples: Japan, France, Spain, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Peru, Chile, Russia, China, and Argentina.
- 18. INTERESTING FACTS TOREMEMBER Women in most Asian and Scandinavian countries cover their mouths when they laugh or giggle. Australians consider rude to put your hands on your lap during meal. In Iran and much of the Middle East, people do not exhibit signs of affection in public. Adults may hold hands as a sign of friendship in the Middle East and parts of Africa. In Japan, laughter in certain situation signals embarrassment, not amusement.
- 19. INTERESTING FACTS TOREMEMBER In Pakistan you eat with the right hand, because the left hand is regarded unclear. Chinese always use both hands when passing food, a gift, or a business card. In Kenya, pointing with the index finger is regarded as very insulting. Muslim men in Malaysia touch their heart after shaking hands as if to say their greeting is “from the heart.” Men and women in Russia, Italy and France give each other cheek-to-cheek hug and a bit of kiss when greeting.
- 20. ON-TIME CULTURES &SOMETIME CULTURES On-time cultures: compartmentalize time to meet personal needs, separate tasks and social dimension, and point to the future. Time is scheduled strictly. Getting to any appointment on time is important. Example: Canada, the United States, and Northern Europe Sometime cultures: view time as contextually based and relationally oriented. Time is only one factor in a much larger and more complicated context. Getting to any appointment on time is not important. Example: Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, France, Africa, and Greece.
- 21. CODE SENSITIVITY: the ability to use verbal and non-verbal language appropriate to the cultural norms of the individual with whom you are communicating.
- 22. REFLEXIVITY: Being self-awareand learning from the interactions with the intent of improving future interactions
- 23. STRATEGIES TO IMPROVEINTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: conduct a personal self-assessment practice supportive communication behaviors develop sensitivity toward diversity avoid stereotypes/ethnocentrism and develop code sensitivity Seek shared codes, use descriptive feedback, open communication channels, manage conflicting beliefs and practice, practice reflexivity.