Chalukya of kalyani

Chalukya of kalyani

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  Chalukya of Kalyani BY Dr.Rajiv Kumar Jaiswal Assistant Professor Vasanta College for Women KFI, Rajghat, Varanasi
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  • The BadamiWestern Chalukyan rule over the Deccan came to an end round about 750 A.D., with the rise of the Rashtrakutas who ruled for nearly 200 years with their capital at Manyakheta or Malkhed. Though the power of the Western Chalukyas was thus overshadowed, they did not completely cease to exist, but were ruling as small feudatories here and there. After a period of nearly 200 years of rule by the Rashtrakutas, the Western Chalukyas rose to prominence again, as the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani, ruled for a further period of 200 years.
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  Sources • We cameto know the history of Chalukya of kalyani through many sources, viz: Inscription and Literature Inscription: mainly issued by Chalukya of kalyani rulers and feudatories. Most of the inscription were in Kannada language. mostly ingraved on stones, less number of copper plate grant ins. Literature: one of the important literary source is Vikramānkdevacharit written by Bilhana (a Kashmiri Brāhman scholar) in Sanskrit language. This is a semi-historical text. Basically deals with the description of life and political achievements of Vikramāditya VI. Another text is Gadāyudha written by Ranna.
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  • There aresome traditional accounts giving the genealogical connection between the Western Chalukyas of Badami, and the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani. The last ruler of the Badami line was Kirtivarma-II and have no contemporaneous evidence to show, whether he left any offspring or not. The traditional connection between the Western Chalukyan lines of Badami and Kalyani is given in the Kauthem grant of 1009 A.D., which gives us a list of seven kings spread over a period nearly 240 years counting from the last date of Vijayaditya of the Badami line to the reign of Taila-II who was the first important ruler of the Kalyani line of the Western Chalukyas. Introduction
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  • Chālukya ofKalyāni associated them with Chālukya of Vātāpi royal family. They claimed that they were descendent of Vikramāditya II brother (Chālukya of Vātāpi). • Gotra of the Chalukya of Kalyani was same as Chalukya of Vatapi. • They worshipped same Sects and God and Goddesses as Chalukya of Vatapi. • They used same royal insignia as used by Chalukya of Vatapi. • Probably Tailap or Tail II (Chalukya of Kalyani ruler) and his ancestor’s were also belongs to Bijapur (where main branch of Chalukya of Vatapi associated) • Many chalukya of kalyani rulers married with Chedi princess as we know that Chalukya of Vatapi also had marriage alliance with Chedi dynasty. The connection is as follows:
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  • The dynastyis called Western Chalukya to differentiate from the contemporaneous Eastern Chalukya of Vengi a separate dynasty. • For over century, the two empires of Southern India, the Western Chalukya of kalyani and the Chola dynasty of Tanjore fought many fierce wars to control the fertile region of Vengi
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  Tailap or TailII (973-997 AD) • Tailapa-II was the founder of the Chalukyas of Kalyani dynasty. He defeated the Rashtrakuta king Karka in 973 A.D. and rose to the position of an independent king from the position of Mahamandalesvara, a feudatory chief. His full name is Ahavamalla Nurmadi Taila. His father name was Vikramaditya IV and mother was Bonthadevi. References indicate him as a feudatory of Krishna-III of the Rashtrakuta dynasty, in 957 and 965 A.D. They mention a Tailapayya as a subordinate in charge of a Nadu. From this subordinate position Taila-II would appear to have strengthened his position and consolidated his reign. The growing weakness of the central power of the Rashtrakutas kindled his ambition and when Malkhed or Manyakheta the capital of the Rashtrakutas was plundered by the Paramaras of Malwa, Taila got his chance. • Tailap II was contemporary of three Rashtrakutas rulers: Krishna III (939- 67), Khottiga (967-72) and Kark II (972-73)
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  Cont…. • The collapseof the Rashtrakuta power was complete and Taila-II asserted his position more or less as the heir to the Rashtrakuta kingdom. Taila-II was married to a Rashtrakuta princess called Jakkavve by name, who was the daughter of a certain Bammaha, and had two sons by her, the elder being called Satyasraya, and the younger being called Dasavarma or Yasovarma. • Gadag inscription of Vikrmaditya VI, gave detailed information. According to the ins. Tailap II re-established Chalukya power and glory. Later inscription also provide same information. • Kharepatan ins. also gave credit to Tailap II for re-establishment of Chalukya power.
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  Cont….. • He ruledthe new kingdom from 973 A.D. to 997 A.D. Tailapa-II was successful in not only restoring the Chalukyan power to its original position but also subdued the other feudatory kings of Rashtrakutas i.e., • Nolamba • Pallavas, • Silharas, • Yadavas of Seun, • Gangas • Banwasi etc.
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  Cont….. • After subduingall the feudatory kings, he had captured whole Rastrakutas territory. Tailap II not only inheritated Rastrakutas territory but also inheritated Enemy & friends of Rastrakutas dynasty. Parmar of malwa and Cholas were main enemy of Rashtrakutas, probably Tailap II participated as an Rashtrakutas feudal kings against Parmar and Chola. • War with Parmar: we came to know about this conflict through Kauthem grnat ins, Gadag ins and Praband-chintamani by Merutunga. According to Prabandh-chintamani, Tailapa’s war against Munja (Utpal) Paramar of Malwa was a protracted one and that he had invaded Malwa as many as six times. But every time he was defeated. Munja decided to crush Tailap by a devastating campaign against him. Prabandhachintamani states that the king Vakpati Munja undertook his last expedition into Tailapa’s country against the advice of his minister Rudraditya. He was defeated after crossing the Godavari which formed the northern boundary of Tailapa’s kingdom and was taken captive. He was finally executed.
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  Cont……. • As Tailapa-IIdied in Saka 919 ( 997-98 A.D.) his victory over Munja (Utpala) mentioned in the present record of Jammikunta which is dated Saka 917 (995 A.D.) must be referring to the last decisive battle, between the two kings. Thus the date of the death of Munja-Vakpati can be precisely stated to be 995 A.D. • War with Chola: Sources reveal that Tailapa opened the Chalukya-Chola conflict and fought with Chola king. As we know that during the reign of Krishna III, Tailap II (a feudatory king of Krishna III) participated in many battles against Chola. Chola ruler Rajraj I was his contemporary. It appears that Tailap II succeeded in forestalling the design of Rajraj I, for an ins. dated 992 AD gives him the credit of defeating the Cholas and seizing their 150 war elephants.
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  Cont…… • The Chalukyaninscriptions give to Tailap II the credit of subduing the Gurjaras also. Thus, Tailapa’s kingdom extended from the Narmada to the Tungabhadra. Ranna the great Kannada poet popularly known as Kaviratna wrote Ajithapurana. He was the court poet of Tailapa-II and was honoured by the king with the title Kavichakravarthi. He assumed the titles of Chakrvartin, Maharajadhiraja and Parameshvara.
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  • Satyasraya (997-1008AD) • Vikramaditya V (1008-1014 AD) • Ayyan II • Jayasimha II (1015-1042 AD)