Chap1 1 1

FP612FP612
WEB PROGRAMMING 2WEB PROGRAMMING 2

 By the end of the class, student should be
able to:
 Define the use of AWT
 Explain the AWT hierarchy

 Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is a set of
application program interfaces ( API s) used
by Java programmers to create graphical user
interface ( GUI ) objects, such as buttons,
scroll bars, and windows.
 In Java, the AWT API is a package (java.awt)
that contains classes from which GUIs are
built
 import java.awt.*;

 Consist s of a set of APIs that support:
 The creation of Graphical User Interface
components such as buttons, labels, checkboxes,
scrollbars, menus and etc.
 Event-handling that manages the events fired by
some GUI components.
 Graphics and imaging tools.
 Layout managers for handling the layouts of
components on windows independent of window
size and screen resolution.

AWTEvent
Font
FontMetrics
Component
Graphics
Object Color
Canvas
Button
TextComponent
Label
List
CheckBoxGroup
CheckBox
Choice
Container Panel Applet
Frame
Dialog FileDialog
Window
TextField
TextArea
MenuComponent MenuItem
MenuBar
Menu
Scrollbar
LayoutManager

 Container
 Panel
 Window
 Frame
 Dialog
 Applet

Container Description
Container The parent of all classes that can contain other components.
Panel A container used to organize and group components. It is
added to another containers
Applet A panel that is displayed in a web browser
Window A window is free floating window on the display that is
independent of other containers. Two types of window:
Frame and Dialog
Frame A window that has a border and a title bar. It supports the
use of menu.
Dialog A popup window is created to deal with a specific situation
and cannot have a menu bar.

 Container is an abstract subclass of Component,
which allows other components to be nested inside
it.
 Containers are helpful in arranging GUI components
on the screen.
 Example of container is:
 Panel
 Window
 Applet
 Frame
 Dialog

 A frame is a subclass of Window.
 It is a window with title and resize corners.
 Frame is a window that is not contained
inside another window.
 Frame is the basis to contain other user
interface components in Java GUI
applications.

 Panel like Frames, provide the space to
attach any GUI component, including other
panels.
 Panel is invisible container.
 Once a Panel object is created, it must be
added to a window or Frame object in order
to be visible.

 A dialog is popup window or message box
normally used as a temporary window to
receive additional information from the user,
or to provide notification that some event has
occurred.
 A dialog can be either modeless (the default)
or modal.

 Applet is a container that contain program
written in the Java programming language
that can be run from a web browser or an
applet viewer.

 Applet using applet viewer

 A window must have either a frame, dialog,
when it's constructed.
 invisible
Window w = new Window( Window owner,GraphicsConfiguration gc);
Rectangle bounds = gc.getBounds();
w.setLocation(10 + bounds.x, 10 + bounds.y);

import java.awt.Button;
public class PackageTest
{ /* …….*/}
import java.awt.*;
public class PackageTest
{ /* …….*/}
or

In this class, you learnt the following:
 AWT – is a Java package containing standard
Graphical User Interface (GUI) elements,
drawing primitives, event-handling
mechanisms, windows, dialogs, components,
layout managers, interfaces
 Container is a class that is used to contain
other java objects – panel, window, applet,
frame and dialog.

able to:
 Define the use of Frame in Java programs
 Create and set the Frame windows
 Create menu bars in Java programs
 Write a program with dialog and panels

 Use to contain other user interface
components in Java GUI applications.

import java.awt.*;
public class MyFrame
{
public static void main(String[] arg) {
MyFrame bingkai= new MyFrame("FrameDemo");
bingkai.setSize(200,100);
bingkai.setVisible(true);
}
}

 setSize (width, height):
This is the method of the Frame class that sets the
size of the frame or window. This method takes two
arguments width (int), height (int).
 setVisible(boolean):
This is also a method of the Frame class sets the
visibility of the frame. The frame will be invisible if
you pass the boolean value false otherwise frame
will be visible.

 A Menu Bar is a set of option that allow the
user to choose from any one of the saving
option.

 Are used to group a number of components
 A panel cannot be seen directly(do not have border), we
need to add it to a frame
 Create a panel.
Panel p = new Panel();
 Add components to panel.
p.add(label1);
 Add panel to container.
add(p, BorderLayout.CENTER);

able to:
 Define swing component and identify its uses.
 List the swing packages:
▪ javax.swing
▪ javax.swing.border
▪ javax.swing.event

 An enhanced GUI component set – tree view,
tabbed panes
 Swing components are lightweight - Written
in Java, not weighed down by complex GUI
capabilities of platform
Defined in package javax.swing

 Swing components allow programmer to
specify look and feel (LAF)
 Can change depending on platform
 Can be the same across all platforms

.
JButton
JMenuItem
JCheckBoxMenuItem
AbstractButton
JComponent
JMenu
.JRadioButtonMenuItem
.JToggleButton JCheckBox
JRadioButton
.JComboBox
.JInternalFrame .JLayeredPane
.JList .JMenuBar .JOptionPane
.JPopupMenu
.JProgressBar
.JPane
.JFileChooser.JScrollBar .JScrollPane
.JSeparator
.JSplitPane
.JSlider .JTabbedPane
.JTable
.JTableHeader
.JTextField.JTextComponent
.JEditorPane
.JTextArea
.JToolBar
.JToolTip
.JTree
.JRootPane
.JPanel
.JPasswordField
.JColorChooser
.JLabel

Package Name Purpose
javax.swing Provide a set of lightweight components
such as JButton, JLabel and much more
javax.swing.border Provides classes and interfaces for
drawing specialized borders such as
bevel, etched, line and more
javax.swing.event Dealing with events generated by some
Java Swing GUI component

 javax.swing.colorchooser
 javax.swing.filechooser
 javax.swing.table
 javax.swing.undo
 javax.swing.tree
 javax.swing.plaf
 javax.swing.text
 javax.swing.plaf.basic
 javax.swing.text.html
 javax.swing.plaf.metal
 javax.swing.text.html.parser
 javax.swing.plaf.multi
 javax.swing.text.rtf
 javax.swing.plaf.synth

JFrame construct a new frame
JLabel display area for a short text, an image, or both
JButton component that triggers an action event when
clicked
JCheckBox component that enables the user to toggle a
choice on or off, like a light switch.
JRadioButton used in the group, where only one button is
checked at a time.
JScrollPane component that supports automatically
scrolling without coding.
JTextField input area where the user can type in
characters.
JTextArea enables the user to enter multiple lines of text.

import javax.swing.JFrame; // import javax.swing.*;
public class Frame2 extends JFrame
{
public Frame2()
{
setTitle("Test Frame");//super ("Test Frame");
setSize(400, 200);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Frame2 a = new Frame2();
a.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}

 A label is a display area for a short text, an
image, or both.

 JLabel(String text,int horizontalAlignment)
JLabel lblName = new
Jlabel(“Name”,SwingConstants.LEFT)
 JLabel(String text)
JLabel lblName = new JLabel(“Name”)

 JLabel(Icon icon, int horizontalAlignment)
Icon cat = new ImageIcon(“cat1.gif");
JLabel lblOnel = new JLabel("Label with
text and icon", cat, SwingConstants.LEFT)

setText
setIcon
setHorizontalAlignment
setVerticalAlignment

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class LabelTest extends JFrame {
private JLabel label1;
// set up GUI
public LabelTest()
{
super( "Testing JLabel" );
// get content pane and set its layout
Container container = getContentPane();
container.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
// JLabel constructor with a string argument
label1 = new JLabel( "Label with text" );
label1.setToolTipText( "This is label1" );
container.add( label1 );
setSize( 275, 170 );
setVisible( true );
} // end constructor

public static void main( String args[] )
{
LabelTest application = new LabelTest();
application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );
}
}

A button is a component that triggers
an action event when clicked.
Several types of buttons
 Command buttons, toggle buttons, check
boxes, radio buttons

JButton(String text)
JButton btnOne = new JButton( "Button" );
JButton(String text,Icon icon)
Icon bug1 = new ImageIcon( "bug1.gif" );
JButton btnOne = new JButton("Fancy
Button",bug1 );

import java.awt.*;
public class TestButton extends JFrame
{
private JButton button;
public TestButton()
{
super(“Button Example”);
Container c = getContentPane();
c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
button= new JButton(“Click Here”);
c.add(button);
setSize(200,200);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] arg)
{
TestButton s= new TestButton();
s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
Example: Creating Button

A check box is a component that enables the user
to toggle a choice on or off, like a light switch.

 JCheckBox()
 JCheckBox(String text)
 JCheckBox(String text, boolean
selected)
 JCheckBox(Icon icon)
 JCheckBox(String text, Icon icon)
 JCheckBox(String text, Icon icon,
boolean selected)

import java.awt.*;
public class CheckBox extends JFrame
{
private JCheckBox chkBox1,chkBox2;
public CheckBox()
{
super(“Create CheckBox");
Container s = getContentPane();
s.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
chkBox1 = new JCheckBox("Wira");
chkBox2 = new JCheckBox("Waja",true);
s.add(chkBox1);
s.add(chkBox2);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
CheckBox t = new CheckBox();
t.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}

Radio buttons are variations of check boxes.
They are often used in the group, where only
one button is checked at a time.

 JRadioButton()
 JRadioButton(String text)
 JRadioButton(String text, boolean
selected)
 JRadioButton(Icon icon)
 JRadioButton(String text, Icon icon)
 JRadioButton(String text, Icon icon,
boolean selected)

JRadioButton rd1= new JRadioButton(“waja”);
JRadioButton rd2= new JRadioButton(“wira”);
ButtonGroup btn = new ButtonGroup();
btn.add(rd1);
btn.add(rd2);

import java.awt.*;
public class RadioButton extends JFrame
{
private JRadioButton rdButton1,rdButton2;
public RadioButton()
{
super("Create RadioButton");
Container s = getContentPane();
s.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
rdButton1 = new JRadioButton("wira",true);
rdButton2 = new JRadioButton("Waja");
s.add(rdButton1);
s.add(rdButton2);
ButtonGroup btn= new ButtonGroup();
btn.add(rdButton1);
btn.add(rdButton2);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
RadioButton t = new RadioButton();
}
}

If you want to let the user enter multiple
lines of text, you cannot use text fields
unless you create several of them.
The solution is to use JTextArea, which
enables the user to enter multiple lines of
text.

 JTextArea(int rows, int columns)
Creates a text area with the specified
number of rows and columns.
 JTextArea(String s, int rows,
int columns)
Creates a text area with the initial text and
the number of rows and columns specified.
JTextArea( s, 10, 15)

import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextArea extends JFrame
{
private JTextArea txtArea;
public TestTextArea()
{
super(“Create TextArea");
txtArea = new JTextArea(“Type here",5,20);
c.add(txtArea);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
TestTextArea s = new TestTextArea();
}
}

 A scroll pane is a component that supports
automatically scrolling without coding.
 Use to text area, list and etc.
 Constructor
 JScrollPane (Component)
Component – component that need to have scroll
pane
Eg :
JTextArea txtArea = new JTextArea(10,12);
JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(txtArea);

import java.awt.*;
public class Scroll extends JFrame
{
private JTextArea txtArea;
private JScrollPane scroll;
public Scroll()
{
super("Create TextArea with Scroll Pane");
txtArea = new JTextArea(“Type here",5,20);
scroll = new JScrollPane(txtArea);
c.add(scroll);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
Scroll s = new Scroll();
}
}

A text field is an input area where the user
can type in characters.
Text fields are useful in that they enable
the user to enter in variable data (such as a
name or a description).

 JTextField(int columns)
Creates an empty text field with the specified number of
columns.
JTextField( 10 ) - sets textfield with 10 columns
of text
 JTextField(String text)
Creates a text field initialized with the specified text.
JTextField( "Hi" )
 JTextField(String text,int columns)
Creates a text field initialized with the specified text and
the column size.

 getText()
Returns the string from the text field.
 setText(String text)
Puts the given string in the text field.
 setEditable(boolean editable)
Enables or disables the text field to be edited. By
default, editable is true.
 setColumns(int)
Sets the number of columns in this text field.
The length of the text field is changeable.

import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextField extends JFrame
{
private JTextField txtField1,txtField2,txtField3;
public TestTextField()
{
super("Membuat TextField");
txtField1 = new JTextField(“Enter your ID");
txtField2 = new JTextField(“Please Type",20);
txtField3 = new JTextField(10);
c.add(txtField1);
c.add(txtField2);
c.add(txtField3);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
TestTextField s = new TestTextField();
}
}

A combo box is a simple list of items
from which the user can choose.
It performs basically the same
function as a list, but can get only one
value.

To add an item to a JComboBox jcbo, use
jcbo.addItem(Object item)
To get an item from JComboBox jcbo, use
jcbo.getItem()
JComboBox jcbo = new JComboBox();

 getSelectedIndex
 Returns the index of the currently selected item
 setMaximumRowCount( n )
 Eg: setMaximumRowCount( 3 );
 Set the maximum number of elements to display
when user clicks combo box
 Scrollbar automatically provided

import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboBox extends JFrame
{
private JComboBox jcb;
public TestComboBox()
{
super(“Create combobox");
jcb = new JComboBox();
jcb.addItem("wira");
jcb.addItem("waja");
jcb.addItem(“saga”);
c.add(jcb);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
TestComboBox s = new TestComboBox();
}
}

A list is a component that performs
basically the same function as a combo box,
but it enables the user to choose a single
value or multiple values.
Does not have scrollbar, need to create
it.

 JList()
Creates an empty list.
 JList(Object[] stringItems)
Creates a new list initialized with items.

 List Properties
 selectionMode : determine the selection:
 SINGLE_SELECTION
▪ select only 1 item
 SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION
▪ Select many items from JList and allows
continuous range selection
 MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION
▪ Select many items from JList and allows
discontinuous range selection

import java.awt.*;
public class SingleList extends JFrame {
private JList list;
private JScrollPane scroll;
String car [] = {"kancil","kelisa","wira","waja","iswara" };
public SingleList()
{
super(“Create single selection list");
list= new JList(car) ;
list.setVisibleRowCount(3);
list.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION);
scroll = new JScrollPane(list);
c.add(scroll);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
SingleList t = new SingleList();
}
}

import java.awt.*;
public class TryPanel extends JFrame {
private JPanel panel1;
private JLabel label;
private JTextField txtField;
public TryPanel()
{
super("Test Panel");
panel1 = new JPanel();
c.add(panel1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
panel1.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
label = new JLabel("Name");
txtField = new JTextField(10);
panel1.add(label);
panel1.add(txtField);
setSize(300,200);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] arg) {
TryPanel s = new TryPanel();
}
}

A message dialog box simply displays a message to
alert the user and waits for the user to click the OK
button to close the dialog.

The messageType is one of the following constants:
JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE
JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE
JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE
JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE

 Example :
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(Component parentComponent,
Object msg, String title_bar, int type_of_msg);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,”User ID salah”,”contoh
mesej”,
JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
Msg
title_bar
type_of_msg

public class TestDialog extends JFrame
{
public TestDialog()
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Your user ID is wrong",
"Message", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Your user ID is wrong",
"Message", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}

{
TestDialog s = new TestDialog();
}
}

 Java provides several classes—JMenuBar, JMenu,
JMenuItem, JCheckBoxMenuItem, and
JRadioButtonMenuItem —to implement menus in a
frame.
 JMenuBar – structure or component to support
menus.
 A JFrame or JApplet can hold a menu bar to which the
pull-down menus are attached.
 Menus consist of menu items that the user can select
(or toggle on or off).

 Create a menu bar with frame.
 Example :
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setSize(400,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
JMenuBar jmb = new JMenuBar();
frame.setJMenuBar(jmb); //to add a menu bar into the frame
Method setJMenuBar() – use to add the menu bar into the frame

JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu(“File”); // create menus ‘file’
JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu (“Help”); // create menus ‘help’
jmb.add(fileMenu); // add menus ‘file’ into the menu bar
jmb.add(helpMenu); // add menus ‘help’ into the menu bar
Menu
bar

JMenuItem mnuNew= new JMenuItem(“New”) // create menu item ‘New’
fileMenu.add(mnuNew); // add menu item ‘New’ into menus ‘File’
JMenuItem mnuOpen= new JMenuItem(“Open”)
fileMenu.add(mnuOpen);
fileMenu.addSeparator();
JMenuItem mnuPrint= new JMenuItem(“Print”) // create menu item ‘Print’
fileMenu.add(mnuPrint); // add menu item ‘Print’ into menus ‘File’
JMenuItem mnuExit= new JMenuItem(“Exit”)
fileMenu.add(mnuExit);
separator

JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help"); // create menus ‘Help’
JMenu mnuPerisian = new JMenu("Perisian"); // cipta menu item ‘Perisian’
helpMenu.add(mnuPerisian); // add menu item ‘Perisian’ into menus ‘help’
JMenuItem mnuJava = new JMenuItem("JAVA"); // cipta sub menu item ‘Java’
JMenuItem mnuPascal = new JMenuItem("Pascal"); // cipta sub menu item ‘Pascal’
mnuPerisian.add(mnuJava); // add sub menu item ‘Java’ into menu item ‘Perisian’
mnuPerisian.add(mnuPascal); // add sub menu item ‘Pascal’ into menu item ‘Perisian’

// create menu item ‘periksa’
JCheckBoxMenuItem mnuPeriksa = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(“periksa”);
helpMenu.add(mnuPeriksa) //add menu item‘periksa’ into menus ‘Help’

JMenu mnuWarna = new JMenu(“warna”); // create menu item ‘warna’
helpMenu.add(mnuWarna); // add menu item ‘warna’ into menus ‘Help’
JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuHitam = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“hitam”);
JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuMerah = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“merah”);
warna.add(mnuHitam); // add sub menu item ‘hitam’ intomenu item ‘warna’
warna.add(mnuMerah); // add sub menu item ‘merah’ into menu item ‘warna’
ButtonGroup bGroup = new ButtonGroup(); // button group is created
bGroup.add(mnuHitam); // radio button is grouped into bGroup
bGroup.add(mnuMerah); // radio button is grouped into bGroup

Use Alt followed by the key: example Alt+H
JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help");
helpMenu.setMnemonic(‘H’);
JMenu mnuPerisian = new JMenu("Perisian");
mnuPerisian.setMnemonic(‘P’);
Mnemonic

Menu bar
Sub menu item
Menu item
Menus

1. Create frame
2. Create menu bar
3. Add menu bar into frame
4. Create menus
5. Add menus into menu bar
6. Create menu item
7. Add menu item into menus
8. Create sub menu item
9. Add sub menu item into menu item

import java.awt.*;
public class TestMenu extends JFrame
{
public TestMenu()
{
setTitle(“Test Menu");
JMenuBar jmb = new JMenuBar();
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
JMenuItem mnuNew= new JMenuItem("New");
fileMenu.add(mnuNew);
JMenuItem mnuAdd= new JMenuItem("Open");
fileMenu.add(mnuAdd);
JMenuItem mnuPrint= new JMenuItem("Print");
fileMenu.add(mnuPrint);
JMenuItem mnuExit= new JMenuItem("Exit");
fileMenu.add(mnuExit);
JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help");
helpMenu.setMnemonic('H');
JMenu mnuSoftware = new JMenu(“Software”);
mnuSoftware.setMnemonic('P');
JMenuItem mnuJava = new JMenuItem("JAVA");
JMenuItem mnuPascal = new JMenuItem("Pascal");
mnuSoftware.add(mnuJava);
mnuSoftware.add(mnuPascal);
helpMenu.add(mnuSoftware);
JCheckBoxMenuItem mnuCheck = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(“Check");
helpMenu.add(mnuCheck);

JMenu mnuColor = new JMenu(“Color");
helpMenu.add(mnuColor);
JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuBlack= new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“Black”);
JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuRed = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“Red");
mnuColor.add(mnuBlack);
mnuColor.add(mnuRed);
ButtonGroup bGroup = new ButtonGroup();
bGroup.add(mnuBlack);
bGroup.add(mnuRed);
jmb.add(fileMenu);
jmb.add(helpMenu);
setJMenuBar(jmb);
setSize(400,200);
setVisible(true);
}
{
TestMenu s = new TestMenu();
}
}

Write a code based on the interface below

In this class, you learnt the following:
 Swing is a set of program components for
Java programmers that provide the ability to
create graphical user interface ( GUI )
components, such as buttons and scroll bars,
that are independent of the windowing
system for specific operating system .

 Swing features include:
 All the features of AWT.
 100% Pure Java certified versions of the existing
AWT component set (Button, Scrollbar, Label,
etc.).
 A rich set of higher-level components (such as
tree view, radio button, and tabbed panes).
 Pluggable Look and Feel.

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